Continuing professional development (CPD) for quality care: context, mechanisms, outcome and impact: Education Outcomes Framework: round 2 funding: final report January 2015

Academy of Medical Royal Colleges. 2010. The Effectiveness of Continuing Professional Development Final Report. College of Emergency Medicine. [Online]. Available at: <http://www.aomrc.org.uk/doc_view/213-effectiveness-of-cpd-final-repo... Accessed 4th July 2014.
Adler, M. J. 1978. Aristotle For Everybody: Difficult Thought made Easy. Bantam Books, Toronto.
Aguinis, H., & Kraiger, K. 2009. Benefits of training and development for individuals and teams, organizations, and society. Annual Review of Psychology. 60. pp. 451-474.
Allied Health professionals. 2002. Allied health professions project: Demonstrating competence through continuing professional development [CPD]. [Online]. Available at < http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4071462.pdf>. Accessed 29th January 2015.
Alliger, G. & Janak, E. 1989. Kirkpatrick’s levels of training criteria: thirty years later. Personnel Psychology. 42(2). pp. 331-342.
American Association for Training and Development. 2012. Bridging the Skills Gap; Help Wanted, Skills Lacking: Why the Mismatch in Today’s Economy? [online]. Available at: <http://nist.gov/mep/upload/Bridging-the-Skills-Gap_2012.pdf>. Accessed 18th December 2014.
Anderson, V. 2007. The value of learning: A new model of value and evaluation. The Chartered Institute of Professional Development (CIPD). [Online]. Available at: <http://www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/94842E50-F775-4154-975F-8D4BE7284... Accessed 4th July 2014.
Antonacopoulou, E. P. 2001. ‘The paradoxical nature of the relationship between training and learning’. Journal of Management Studies. 38(3). pp. 327-350.
Aragon-Sanchez, A., Barba-Aragón, I., & Sanz-Valle, R. 2003. Effects of training on business results1. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(6). pp. 956-980.
Argyris, C. & Schön, D. 1978. Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Aristotle. 1987. Prosteior analytics: The works of Aristotle Volume 1. In R. M. Hutchins (Ed). Chicago, IL. William Benton and Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.
122
Arthur Jr, W., Bennett Jr, W., Edens, P. S., & Bell, S. T. 2003. Effectiveness of training in organizations: a meta-analysis of design and evaluation features. Journal of Applied psychology, 88(2). p. 234.
Attree, M. 2006. ‘Evaluating healthcare education: issues and methods’. Nurse Education Today. 26 (8). pp. 640–646.
Bandura, A. 1994. Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). New York: Academic Press. (Reprinted in H. Friedman [Ed.], Encyclopedia of mental health. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998).
Barr H. et al 2005. Effective Interprofessional education: Argument, assumption & evidence. Oxford. Blackwell.
Baumgartner, L. 2001. ‘An update on transformational learning’. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education. No. 89.
Best, H. A. et al. 2005. Continuing professional development–global perspectives: synopsis of a workshop held during the International Association of Dental Research meeting in Gothenburg, Sweden, 2003. Part 2: regulatory and accreditation systems and evidence for improving the performance of the dental team. European Journal of Dental Education. 9(2). pp. 66-72.
Billett, S. 2002. Critiquing workplace learning discourses: participation and continuity at work. Studies in the Education of Adults. 34(1). pp. 56-67.
Beattie, A. 1987. ‘Making a curriculum work’. In P. Allan, M. Jolley (Eds.). The Curriculum in Nursing Education. London. Chapman & Hall.
Bennetts, C. Elliston, K. Maconachie, M. 2012. ‘Continuing professional development for public health: An andragogical approach’. Public Health. 126. pp.514-45.
Berwick, D. 2013. A promise to learn—a commitment to act. Improving the safety of patients in England. National Advisory Group on the Safety of Patients in England. London: Stationery Office.
Biggs, J. B. & Tang, C. 2007, Teaching for quality learning at university, Open University Press/Mc Graw-Hill Education, Maidenhead.
Birnbrauer, H. 1987. "Troubleshooting your Training Programme", Training and Development Journal. 41(9): pp. 18-21.
British Association of Social Workers. 2012. Continuing Professional
Development (CPD) Policy. The Policy, Ethics and Human Rights Committee.
123
Brown, K. G., & Van Buren, M. E. 2007. ‘Applying a social capital perspective to the evaluation of distance training’. Chapter in: Fiore, S.M. & Salas, E. 2007. Toward a science of distributed learning. pp. 41-63. Washington. American Psychological Association.
Brown, K. et al. 2008. Evaluating the impact of post‐qualifying social work education. Social Work Education. 27(8). pp. 853-867.
Bruner, J. 1977. The process of education. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. [Originally published in 1960].
Bullock, A.et al. 2010. ‘Using dentistry as a case study to examine continuing education and its impact on practice’. Oxford Review of Education. Vol. 36. No. 1. Pp. 79-95.
Calzone, K. 2011. ‘Establishing the outcome indicators for the essential nursing competencies and curricula guidelines for genetics and genomics’. Journal of Professional Nursing. Vol. 27, No. 3. Pp. 179–91.
Carpenter, J. 2005. Evaluating Outcomes in Social Work Education: Evaluation and Evidence, Discussion Paper 1. Scottish Institute for Excellence in Social Work Education.
Carpenter, J. et al. 2006. ‘Outcomes of interprofessional education for Community Mental Health Services in England: The longitudinal evaluation of a postgraduate programme’. Journal of Interprofessional Care. 20(2). Pp. 145-161.
Carpenter, J. 2011. Evaluating social work education: A review of outcomes, measures, research designs and practicalities. Social Work Education, 30(2), 122-140. doi:10.1080/02615479.2011.540375.
Casey, A. 2012. ‘Practitioner research: A means of coping with the systemic demands for continual professional development? ’European Physical Education Review.19. (1). Pp. 76–90.
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. 2008. Data Collection Methods for Program evaluation: observation. Department of Health and Human Services Evaluation Briefs No.16. [online]. <available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/evaluation/pdf/brief16.pdf >. Accessed 29 December 2014.
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). 2007. Value of Learning: Assessing and reporting on the value of learning to your organisation [Online]. <available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/700C4291-A35A-48D8-B030-48E329422... Accessed 25th September 2014
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). 2014. [online]. Available at <http://www.cipd.co.uk/>. Accessed 25th September 2014.
Clardy, A. 2005. Reputation, goodwill, and loss: entering the employee training audit equation. Human Resource Development Review. 4(3). pp. 279-304.
124
Clark, E. 2005. Commentary on ‘A review of evaluative studies of computer-based learning in nursing education’. In Lewis, M.J. et al. [Nurse Education Today 21 (1) (2001) 26–37].Nurse Education Today. 25. (8). Pp. 598–600.
Clark, L. et al. 2008. ‘The impact on practice (ImP) project: A project to develop a framework to evaluate the impact of continuing professional education on practice’. 19th Annual International Nurse Education Tomorrow conference, 2-4 September 2008, Cambridge University.
Clark, M. C. 1993. ‘Transformational Learning’. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education. No. 57.
Connell, S. Yates, P. & Barrett, L. 2011. ‘Understanding the optimal learning environment in palliative care’. Nurse Education Today. 31. Pp. 472–76.
Corner, J., & Wilson-Barnett, J. 1992. ‘The newly registered nurse and the cancer patient: an educational evaluation’. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 29(2). pp. 177-190.
CPD Certification Service, 2013. [Online]. Available at: <http://www.cpduk.co.uk/index.php/what-is-cpd>. Accessed 21st August 2014.
CPD Task and Finish Group. 2012. Report to the Allied Health Professional & the Nursing & Midwifery Professional Advisory Boards.
Crawford, K. 2007. Continuing professional development in higher education: debating the academic perspective. The International Journal of Knowledge: Culture and Change Management. 7. (8). Pp. 51-57.
Creswell, J. W. 2007. In Plano Clark V. L. (Ed.). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks. CA. London. SAGE Publications.
Davie, H. T., & Nutley, S. M. 2000. ‘Developing learning organisations in the new NHS’. British Medical Journal. 320(7240). pp. 998-1001.
Davis, D. A. et al. 1995. ‘Changing physician performance: a systematic review of the effect of continuing medical education strategies’. Jama. 274(9). pp. 700-705.
Davis, D. 1998. ‘Does CME work? An analysis of the effect of educational activities on physician performance or health care outcomes’. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 28(1). pp. 21-39.
Davis, D. et al. 1999. ‘Impact of formal continuing medical education: do conferences, workshops, rounds, and other traditional continuing education activities change physician behaviour or health care outcomes?’ Jama. 282(9). pp. 867-874.
Day, C. 1999. ‘Developing Teachers: The challenge of lifelong learning’. In Goodson, I. F. Educational change and development series. London. Routledge Falmer.
125
Delanty G. 1997. Social science: beyond constructivism and realism. Buckingham.
Open University Press.
Department for Education and Employment (DfEE), 1998, The learning age: A renaissance for a new Britain, [online] Available at: <http://www.lifelonglearning.co.uk/greenpaper/> Accessed on: 1st May 2014.
Department of Health (DoH). 1998. A first class service: quality in the new NHS. London: The Stationery Office. [online]. Available at: <http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/publica... Accessed 4th July 2014.
Department of Health. 2000a. Improving working lives standard. London: The Stationery Office. [online]. Available at: <http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/publica... Accessed 4th July 2014.
Department of Health. 2000b. The NHS plan: a plan for investment a plan for reform. London: The Stationery Office. [online]. Available at: <http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/publica... Accessed 4th July 2014.
Department of Health. 2002. Funding learning and development for the healthcare workforce. DoH, London. [online]. Available at: <http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publica... Accessed 4th July 2014.
Department of Health. 2004. NHS knowledge and skills framework (NHS KSF) and the development review process (October 2004). London: The Stationery Office. [online]. Available at: <http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/publica... Accessed 4th July 2014.
Department of Health and Department for Education and Skills. 2006. Options for excellence: Building the social care workforce of the future. [Online]. <http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101012083544/dcsf.gov.uk... Accessed 18th December 2014.
Department of Health. 2012. Liberating the NHS: developing the healthcare workforce: from design to delivery. [online]. Available at: < https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data... Accessed. 17th July 2014.
Department of Health. 2013. The education outcomes framework (March 2013). [online]. Available at: < https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data... Accessed. 17th July 2014.
126
Dearing Report 1997, [online] Available at: <http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/documents/resources/heca/heca_ks23... Accessed on: 1st May 2014.
Dewey, J. 1938. Experience and Education. New York. Collier Books.
Doel, M., Nelson, P., & Flynn, E. 2008. Experiences of Post‐Qualifying study in social work. Social Work Education, 27. (5). Pp. 549-571. DOI:10.1080/02615470701708768
Dorning, H. & Bardsley, M .2014. Focus on: Allied health professionals: Can we measure quality of care? Nuffield Trust & The Health Foundation. [online]. Available at: <http://www.health.org.uk/publications/focus-on-allied-health-profess... Accessed 3rd October 2014.
Draper, J. & Clark, L. 2007. ‘Impact of continuing professional education on practice: The rhetoric and the reality’. Nurse Education Today. 27. Pp. 515–17.
Dunworth, M. 2007. Growing your own: The practice outcomes of Employment‐based social work training. an evaluative case study of one agency's experience. Social Work Education. 26.(2). 151-168. DOI:10.1080/02615470601042664
EAHC 2013
Edmond, N., Hillier, Y., & Price, M. 2007 ‘Between a rock and a hard place: The role of HE and foundations degrees in workforce development’. Education & Training. Vol. 49 No. 3. Pp. 170-181. DOI: 10.1108/00400910710749305
Easterby-Smith, M. 1994. Evaluating management development, training and education. Aldershot. Gower.
Eraut, M., Alderton, J., Cole, G. and Senker, P. 2000, “Development of knowledge and skills at work”. In Differing visions of a learning society, Edited by: Coffield, F. Policy Press, Bristol.
Eraut, M. et al. 2005, Learning during the first three years of postgraduate employment, Economic and Social Research Council. (Project LINEA). Swindon.
Faller, K. C., Grabarek, M., & Ortega, R. M. 2010. Commitment to child welfare work: What predicts leaving and staying?. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(6). Pp. 840-846.
Fenwick, T. 2010. Re-thinking the ‘thing’: Sociomaterial approaches
to understanding and researching learning in work. [online]. Available at: <http://www.storre.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/3630/1/JWL-rethinking%20... Accessed 2nd December 2014.
Fenwick, T. et al 2012. ‘Sociomaterial approaches to conceptualising professional learning and practice’. Journal of Education and Work. 25:1. pp. 1-13. DOI: 10.1080/13639080.2012.644901
127
Field, L. 1998. ‘Shifting the Focus from" Training" to" Learning": The Case of Australian Small Business’. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Vocational Education Research. 6(1). pp. 49-68.
Fiol, C. M., & Lyles, M. A. 1985. ‘Organizational learning’. Academy of Management Review. 10(4). pp. 803-813.
Francis, R. 2013. Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry Executive Summary. House of Commons. The Stationary Office, London.
Freeth, D. S. et al. 2008. Effective interprofessional education: development, delivery, and evaluation. John Wiley & Sons.
Friedman, A., & Woodhead, S. 2008. ‘Approaches to CPD measurement’. International Accounting Education Standards Board. London.
Fröbel, F. 1826. On the Education of Man (Die Menschenerziehung). Keilhau/Leipzig. Wienbrach.
Fry, H., Ketteridge, S. & Marshall, S. 1999. A Handbook for teaching and learning in higher education: Enhancing academic practice. Kogan Page. London.
Fryer, R. H. 2006. Learning for a change in healthcare. Department of Health and the NHS.
Gallagher, L. 2007. ‘Continuing education in nursing: A concept analysis’. Nurse Education Today. 27. pp. 466–73.
Geboers, H., Mokkink H., & Van Montfort, P. et al. 2002. ‘Comprehensive assessment of the quality of care in small-scale primary care practices’. Journal of Clinical Governance. 10. pp. pp. 51–61.
General Medical Council. 2014. Our role in medical education and training. [Online]. Available at: <http://www.gmc-uk.org/education/our_role_in_medical_education.asp>... Accessed November 2014.
Giangreco, A., Sebastiano, A., & Peccei, R. 2009. ‘Trainees' reactions to training: an analysis of the factors affecting overall satisfaction with training’. The international Journal of Human Resource Management. 20(1). pp. 96-111.
Gibbs, V. 2011. ‘An investigation into the challenges facing the future provision of continuing professional development for allied health professionals in a changing healthcare environment’. Radiography. 17. pp.152-7.
Gibson, S. K. 2004. Social learning (cognitive) theory and implications for human resource development. Advances in Developing Human Resources. 6(2). pp.193-210.
128
Goni S. 1999. ‘An analysis of the effectiveness of Spanish primary health care teams’. Health Policy. 48. pp. 107–17.
Goodall, J, et al. 2005. Evaluating the Impact of Continuing Professional Development (CPD). London. Department for Education and Skills.
Gould, D. Drey, N. & Berridge, E. 2007.‘Nurses’ experiences of continuing professional development’. Nurse Education Today. 27. pp. 602–9.
Grace, S. & Gravestock, P. 2009, Inclusion and diversity: Meeting the needs of all students, Routledge, Oxon.
Grant, J., & Stanton, F. 2001. ‘The effectiveness of continuing professional development’. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 77(910). pp. 551-552.
Greenhalgh, T. et al. 2009. ‘How Do You modernize a health service? a realist evaluation of whole‐scale transformation in London’. Milbank Quarterly. 87(2). pp. 391-416.
Greenhalgh T, Wong G, Westhorp G, & Pawson R. 2011. Protocol – realist and
meta narrative evidence synthesis: Evolving standards (RAMESES). BMC Medical Research Methodology 11.
Gunderson, L. H. 2000. ‘Ecological resilience-in theory and application’. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. Vol. 31. pp. 425-439.
Gunn, H. & Goding, L. 2009. ‘Continuing professional development of physiotherapists based in community primary care trusts: a qualitative study investigating perceptions, experiences and outcomes’. Physiotherapy. 95. Pp. 209–214.
Habermas, J. 1981. The Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. 1: Reason and the Realization of Society. Boston. Beacon Press.
Hardy, S., Garbett, R., Tichen, A. & Manley, K. 2002. ‘Exploring nursing expertise: Nurses talk nursing. Nursing inquiry. 9(3). pp. 196-202.
Hakkennes, S., & Green, S. 2006. ‘Measures for assessing practice change in medical practitioners’. Implement Sci. 1(1). p. 29.
Health and Care Professions Council. 2005. Standards for continuing professional
development. London: HCPC. [online]. Available at: <http://www.hcpc-uk.org.uk/registrants/cpd/standards/>. Accessed 3rd October 2014.
Health Education England. 2013. Developing people for health and healthcare: investing in people for health and healthcare. [Online]. Available at <http://hee.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/321/2013/12/Workforce-pla... Accessed 19th May 2014.
129
Holmboe, E. S., Hawkins, R. E., & Huot, S. J. 2004. ‘Effects of Training in Direct Observation of Medical Residents' Clinical Competence. A Randomized Trial’. Annals of Internal Medicine. 140(11). pp. 874-881.
Horkheimer, M. & Adorno, T. W. 1972. Dialectic of Enlightenment, New York. Seabury.
Howarth, M. et al. 2006. Shaping the future for primary care education and training project: Best practice in education and training strategies for integrated health and social care: A benchmarking tool. North West Universities Association. [Online]. Available at: <http://usir.salford.ac.uk/17637/1/WP3_Development_of_Toolkit_Report.... Accessed 4th July 2014.
Huddle, 2015. [Online]. Available at: < http://www.huddle.com/>. Accessed 8th January 2015.
Hughes, J. 2005. ‘Nurses' perceptions of continuing professional development’. Nursing Standard.19. 43. pp. 41-49.
Humphris, D. & Hean, S. 2004. Educating the future workforce: building the evidence about interprofessional learning. Journal of health services research & policy. 9 (suppl 1). Pp. 24-27.
Huxley, T. H. 1971. On Education: A Selection from His Writings. London. Cambridge University Press.
Ingersoll, G., Kirsch, J., Merk, S. and Lightfoot, J. 2000. Relationship of organizational culture and readiness for change to employee commitment to the organisation. Journal of Nursing Administration. Vol. 30. No. 1. pp 11-19.
Innes, A. et al. 2012. Literature review of dementia education. Bournemouth University Dementia Institute. Bournemouth University.
Jacono, J. & Griscti, O. 2006. ‘Effectiveness of continuing education programmes in nursing: literature review’. Journal of Advanced Nursing.55. (4). pp. 449–56. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365 2648.2006.03940.x
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. 1990. Primer on indicator development and application: measuring quality in health care. Oakbrook Terrace. IL.
Kaliannan, M. & Chandran S. 2012. ‘Empowering students through outcome-based education (OBE)’.Research in Education. No. 87:50-63.
Kanouse, D. E., & Jacoby, I. 1988. ‘When does information change practitioners' behaviour?’. International journal of technology assessment in health care. 4(01). pp. 27-33.
King, H. 2004. Continuing Professional Development in Higher Education: what do academics do? Planet. (13). pp. 26-29.
130
Kirkpatrick D. 1967.‘Evaluation of training’. In Craig R. Bittel I. eds. Training and development handbook. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill.
Kirkpatrick, D. L. 1983. ‘Four steps to measuring training effectiveness’. Personnel Administrator. 28(11). pp. 19-25.
Kraiger, K., Ford, J. K., & Salas, E. 1993. ‘Application of cognitive, skill-based, and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation’. Journal of Applied Psychology. 78. pp. 311-328.
Lammintakanen, J. & Kivinen, T. 2012. ‘Continuing professional development in nursing: does age matter?’ Journal of Workplace Learning. Vol. 24. No.1. pp. 34-47.
Landor, M. 2011.‘Is the glass half‐full or half‐empty? Perceptions of recently‐qualified educational psychologists on the effectiveness and impact of their Master’s level research’, Educational Psychology in Practice: theory, research and practice in educational psychology, 27.1. pp. 83-95. DOI: 10.1080/02667363.2011.549356
Lee, N. 2011. An evaluation of CPD learning and impact upon positive practice change’. Nurse Education Today. 31. pp. 390–95.
Légaré, F. et al. 2011.‘Developing a theory-based instrument to assess the impact of continuing professional development activities on clinical practice: a study protocol’. Implementation Science.6. p. 17.
Légaré, F. et al. 2012. ‘Training health professionals in shared decision-making: An international environmental scan’. Patient Education and Counselling. 88. pp.159–69.
Leggat, S. 2007. Effective healthcare teams require effective team members:
defining teamwork competencies. BMC Health Services Research. 7:17. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-7-17
Mackie, A. 2009. Continuing Professional Development policies, processes and strategic direction. Faculty of Public Health. London.
Marcuse, H. 1969. Negations. Boston. Beacon Press.
Madden, C. A., & Mitchell, V. A. 1993. Professions, standards and competence: a survey of continuing education for the professions. Bristol University, Department of Continuing Education.
Manley, K. et. al. 2014. ‘A shared purpose framework to deliver person-centred safe and effective care: Organisational transformation using practice development methodology’. International Practice Development Journal. 4 (1) [2]. [Online]. Available at <http://www.fons.org/Resources/Documents/Journal/Vol4No1/IPDJ_0401_02... Accessed 29th January 2015.
131
Manley, K., & Garbett, R. 2000. Paying Peter and Paul: reconciling concepts of expertise with competency for a clinical career structure. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 9(3). pp. 347-359.
Manley, K. & Hardy, S. 2005. Improving services to patients through ongoing development of critical care teams. Department of Health. [Online]. Available at: < http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/Documents/768/Improving%20services%20... Accessed 4th July 2014.
Manley, K. McCormack, B. & Wilson, V. 2008.‘International Practice Development in Nursing and Healthcare. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
Manley, K., Titchen, A., & Hardy, S. 2009. ‘Work-based learning in the context of contemporary health care education and practice: A context analysis. Practice Development in Health Care. 8. (2). pp. 87-127.
Mann, S. 1996. ‘What should training evaluations evaluate?’. Journal of European Industrial Training. 20(9). pp. 14-20.
Marvin, S., Lee, L. & Robson, F. 2010. The evaluation of learning and development in the workplace: a review of literature. Higher Education Funding Council for England
Mashru M. & Lant A. 1997. Interpractice audit of diagnosis and management of hypertension in primary care: educational intervention and review of medical records. British Medical Journal. 314. pp. 942-946.
Massimiliano, B. et al. 2004. ‘Higher education outcomes, graduate employment and university performance indicators’. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 167. 3. pp. 75-96.
Mathers, N., Mitchell, C., & Hunn, A. 2012. A study to assess the impact of continuing professional development (CPD) on doctors’ performance and patient/service outcomes for the GMC. Academic Unit of Primary Care. University of Sheffield.
McCormack, B. et al. 2010. Developing person‐centred practice: nursing outcomes arising from changes to the care environment in residential settings for older people. International Journal of Older People Nursing. 5. (2). pp. 93-107.
McEvoy, P. & Richards, D. 2003. ‘Critical realism: a way forward for evaluation
research in nursing?’ Journal of Advanced Nursing. 43. pp. 411–420.
McSherry, R., & Warr, J. 2008. An introduction to excellence in practice development in health and social care. McGraw-Hill International. Megginson, D. and Whitaker, V. 2007. Continuing Professional Development (2nd edition). London. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.
Mezirow, J. 1997. ‘Transformative learning: Theory to practice’. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education. No. 74.
132
Mitchell, C. 2001. Partnership for continuing professional development: the impact of the Post Qualifying Award for Social Workers (PQSW) on social work practice. Social Work Education. 20(4). pp. 433-445.
Montessori, M. 1949. The Absorbent Mind. New York. Dell (1967 edn.).
Moore D.E. 2003.‘A framework for outcomes evaluation in the continuing professional development of physicians’. In Davis D. Barnes B.E. Fox R. eds. The continuing professional development of physicians: From research to practice. Chicago, IL. AMA Press.
Moore D.E. et al. 2009. ‘Achieving desired results and improved outcomes: intergrating planning and assessment throughout learning activities’. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 29(1). pp. 5.
Morgan, A., & Jones, D. 2009. Perceptions of service user and carer involvement in healthcare education and impact on students' knowledge and practice: a literature review. Medical Teacher. 31. (2). pp. 82-95.
Moriarty, J. 2014. Post-qualifying education for social workers: A continuing problem or a new opportunity? Social Work Education. 33. (3). pp. 397-411.
Morrison, K. & Ridley, K. 1989 ‘Ideological Contexts for Curriculum Planning’. In
Preedy, M. Approaches to Curriculum Management. Milton Keynes. Open University
Press.
Mulvey, R. 2013. How to be a good professional: Existentialist continuing professional development (CPD). British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. 41. (3). 267-276. DOI:10.1080/03069885.2013.773961.
NHS Revalidation Team. 2014. The early benefits and impact of medical revalidation: Report on research findings in year one. [Online]. Available at: <http://www.revalidationsupport.nhs.uk/CubeCore/.uploads/documents/pd... Accessed 2nd January 2014.
Neville, L. 2005. ‘Linking the knowledge and skills framework to CPD’. Nursing Times. 102(32). pp. 36-39.
Nickols, F. W. 2005. ‘Why a stakeholder approach to evaluating training’. Advances in Developing Human Resources. 7. (1). pp. 121-134.
Nursing Midwifery Council. 2011. The Prep Handbook. NMC, London.
Ogilvie-Whyte, S. 2006. A Review of Evidence about the Impact of Education and Training in Child Care and Protection on Practice and Client Outcomes. Scottish Institute for Excellence in Social Work.
O'Sullivan, J. 2004. Continuing Professional Development—is it beneficial?. Physiotherapy. 90(4). pp. 174-175.
133
Pascal, R. Millemann, M. & Goija, L. 1997. ‘Changing the way we change’. Harvard Business Review. November-December.
Patton, J. E. 1983. ‘The results of management training’. Personnel. pp. 33-47.
Pawson, R., Greenhalgh, T., Harvey, G., & Walshe, K. 2005 Realist review–a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 10 (suppl 1), 21-34.
Pawson, R. 2006. Evidence-based policy: A realist perspective. London. Sage.
Pawson, R., & Tilley, N. 1997. Realistic evaluation. London, California and New Delhi: Sage.
Pawson, R. & Tilley, N. 2004. Realistic Evaluation. [Online]. Available at: < http://www.communitymatters.com.au/RE_chapter.pdf>. Accessed: 14th November 2014.
Payler, J., Meyer, E., & Humphris, D. 2007. Theorizing interprofessional pedagogic evaluation: framework for evaluating the impact of interprofessional continuing professional development on practice change. Learning in Health and Social Care. 6(3). pp.156-169.
Pegg, A. et al. 2012. Pedagogy for employability. Higher Education Academy (HEA). [online]. Available at: <http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/documents/employability/pedagogy_f... Accessed. 17th July 2014.
Phillips, P. P., & Phillips, J. J. 2008. ROI fundamentals: Why and when to measure return on investment. California. John Wiley & Sons.
Phillips, J. Piza, M. & Ingham, J. 2012. ‘Continuing professional development programmes for rural nurses involved in palliative care delivery: An integrative review’. Nurse Education Today. 32. pp. 385–92.
Piaget, J. 2001. The psychology of intelligence. (2nd Ed.). London. Routledge. [Originally published in 1950].
Pollard, A., & Collins, J. 2005. Reflective teaching. London. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Punnonen, O. 1995. ‘Evaluation of training impact on work’. Safety Science. 20(2). pp. 225-229.
Reynolds, J. 2004. Helping people learn: strategies for moving from training to learning. Research Report. London: CIPD. P.1.
Rhydderch, M. et al. 2004. ‘Organisational change theory and the use of indicators in general practice’. Quality and Safety in Health Care. 13(3). pp. 213-217.
Rixon, A., & Ward, R. 2012. What Difference Does It Make?: Social Work Practice and Post-Qualifying Awards. Practice. 24(3). pp. 147-159.
134
Roessger, K. 2013. ‘But does it work? Reflective activities, learning outcomes and instrumental learning in continuing professional development’. Journal of Education and Work. DOI: 10.1080/13639080.2013.805186
Roberts, G. et al. 2014. ‘Understanding and improving patient experience: A national survey of training courses provided by higher education providers and healthcare organizations in England’. Nurse Education Today. 34. pp.112–20.
Robinson, K., & Webber, M. 2013. Models and effectiveness of service user and carer involvement in social work education: A literature review. British Journal of Social Work. 43. (5). Ppp. 925-944.
Rogers, C. R. 1983. Freedom to Learn for the 80’s. Charles E. Merrill, Columbus, OH.
Royal College of Nursing. 2014. RCN Guidance on good employment practice. [Online]. Available at: < http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/584829/004583.pdf&... Accessed 28th January 2015.
Royal College of Nursing (RCN). 2010. Principles of nursing practice: Principles and measures consultation. RCN. [online]. Available at: < http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/349549/003875.pdf&... Accessed 21st July 2014.
Royal College of Nursing (RCN). 2007. A joint statement on continuing professional development for health and social care practitioners. RCN.
Rubin, A., & Parrish, D. E. 2012. Comparing social worker and non- social worker outcomes: A research review. Social Work. 57. (4). pp. 309-320. DOI:10.1093/sw/sws015
Rycroft-Malone, J, McCormack B, DeCorby K, & Hutchinson A. 2010. ‘Realist
Synthesis: Method and Examples. The research process in nursing’. In
Research process in nursing. 3rd edition. Edited by Gerrish K. L. A. Oxford.
Wiley Blackwell.
Rycroft-Malone J. et al. 2014. ‘Improving skills and care standards in the support workforce for older people: a realist review’. BMJ Open. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005356
Sargeant, J. et al. 2011. ‘CPD and KT: Models Used and Opportunities for Synergy’. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 31(3): pp.167–73.
Scannapieco, M., Hegar, R. L., & Connell-Carrick, K. 2012. ‘Professionalisation in public child welfare: Historical context and workplace outcomes for social workers and non-social workers’. Children and Youth Services Review. 34. (11). pp. 2170-2178. DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.07.016
135
Schostak, J. et al. 2009. The effectiveness of continuing professional development: a report prepared on behalf of College of Emergency Medicine. Federation of Royal Colleges of Physicians and Manchester Metropolitan University.
Schostak, J. et al. 2010. Effectiveness of Continuing Professional Development Final Report. Academy of Medical Royal Colleges.
Scourfield, J. et al. 2012. Results of a training course for social workers on engaging fathers in child protection. Children and Youth Services Review. 34(8). pp.1425-1432.
Shin, J. H., Haynes, R. B., & Johnston, M. E. 1993. ‘Effect of problem-based, self-directed undergraduate education on life-long learning’. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 148(6). pp. 969.
Silvester, J. et al. 1999. Organisational culture change: an inter-group attributional analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, Vol 72, No 1. pp1-23.
Skills for Care. 2012/13. CPD Case Studies. [Online]. Available at < http://www.skillsforcare.org.uk/Social-work/Social-work-CPD/CPD-case... Accessed 16th January 2015.
Skills for Care. 2014. Developing social workers' practice: Core principles for employers providing opportunities for social workers continuing professional development. [Online]. Available at: <http://www.skillsforcare.org.uk/Document-library/Social-work/CPD/CP%... Accessed 16th January 2015.
Skinner, K., & Whyte, B. 2004. Going beyond training: Theory and practice in managing learning. Social Work Education. 23. (4). pp. 365-381. DOI:10.1080/0261547042000244991
Smith, A. J., & Piper, J. A. 1990. ‘The tailor-made training maze: a practitioner's guide to evaluation’. Journal of European Industrial Training. 14(8).
Social Work Reform Board. 2011. Standards for Employers of Social Workers in England and Supervision Framework: Department for Education.
Sterling, S. 2010. ‘Learning for resilience, or the resilient learner? Towards a necessary reconciliation in a paradigm of sustainable education’. Environmental Education Research. 16:5-6, DOI: 10.1080/13504622.2010.505427
Storey. C. et al. 2009. ‘Retention of nurses in the primary and community care workforce after the age of 50 years: database analysis and literature review’. Journal of advanced nursing.65. 8. Pp. 1596–605. [online]. Available at: <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05036.x/... Accessed 21st February 2014.
136
Taylor, B. J., Mullineux, J. C., & Fleming, G. 2010. Partnership, service needs and assessing competence in post qualifying education and training. Social Work Education. 29. (5). Pp. 475-489. DOI:10.1080/02615470903159117
Taylor, E. 2008. ‘Transformative Learning Theory’. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education. No. 119.
Taylor-Powell, E., & Steele, S. 1996. ‘Collecting evaluation data: Direct observation’. Program Development and Evaluation. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin-Extension.
The Chartered Institute of Professional Development (CIPD). 2014. [Online]. Available at: <http://www.cipd.co.uk/>. Accessed 4th July 2014.
The Health Foundation. 2013. Quality improvement training for healthcare professionals. Evidence Scan. The Health Foundation.
The King’s Fund. 2013. Transforming our health care system: Ten priorities for commissioners. [Online]. Available at: <http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/files/kf/field/field_publication_f... Accessed 17th December 2014.
The Nursing and Midwifery Council. 2011. PREP handbook. London: NMC. [online]. Available at: <http://www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/Standards/NMC_Prep-handbook_2011.pdf... Accessed 1st May 2014.
The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. 2008. ‘Defining different metrics than credits based on time’. The 1st International Forum on CPD Accreditation. Vancouver Canada.
Tilley, N. 2000. ‘Realistic evaluation: an overview’. In Founding Conference of the Danish Evaluation Society.
Vitali, S. 2011. ‘The acquisition of professional social work competencies’. Social Work Education. vol. 30. No. 2. pp. 236–246.
Vygotsky, L. 1978. Mind in society. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press.
Warr, P., & Bunce, D. 1995. Trainee characteristics and the outcomes of open learning. Personnel Psychology. 48(2). 347-375.
Weiss, H. M. 1990. ‘Learning theory and industrial and organizational psychology’. In M. D. Dunnette & L.M. Hough (Eds.). Handbook of Industrial & organisational psychology (Vol. 1, 2nd ed., 171-221). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
White, K. 2009. ‘Self-confidence: A concept analysis’. Nursing Forum. Vol 44. No. 2.
137
Williams, C. 2007. Mixed‐Method evaluation of continuing professional development: Applications in cultural competence training. Social Work Education. 26. (2). pp. 121-135. DOI:10.1080/02615470601042623
Wilson, V. & McCormack, B. 2006. ‘Critical realism as emancipatory action: the case
for realistic evaluation in practice development’. Nursing Philosophy. 7. pp. 45–57.