Examining the effectiveness of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting exercise intention and behaviour during pregnancy: Preliminary findings from a random effects meta-analysis

Conference poster


De Vivo, M., Hulbert, S., Mills, H. and Uphill, M. 2014. Examining the effectiveness of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting exercise intention and behaviour during pregnancy: Preliminary findings from a random effects meta-analysis.
AuthorsDe Vivo, M., Hulbert, S., Mills, H. and Uphill, M.
TypeConference poster
Description

Several studies have supported the efficacy and predictive utility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1991) in explaining a variety of behaviours including physical activity. However, the relative contribution of the theory’s components in describing intention and behaviour may differ depending on the context, time and population being studied. Such evidence is necessary to inform exercise advice and interventions aimed at pregnant women. The purpose of this study was therefore to review the existing literature surrounding the application of the TPB in explaining exercise intentions and behaviour during pregnancy and to evaluate the magnitude of relationships between TPB constructs within this context. Multiple search strategies yielded 99 potentially relevant studies of which 47 were assessed against the inclusion criteria. Finally, 7 studies, involving 777 pregnant women, were included in the analysis. Relationships identified among TPB constructs were subjected to a random-effects meta-analytic review using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 3.0) computer software package. Results confirmed the existence of a medium to strong relationship between intention and behaviour (r = .44, P < .05, R2 = 19.36) and also supported the existence of a direct relationship between behaviour and perceived behavioural control (PBC; r = .45, P < .05, R2 = 20.25). Pregnant women’s attitude (r = .48, P < .05, R2 = 23.04) had the strongest association with their intention to be physically active. However, both PBC (r = .47, P < .05, R2 = 22.09) and subjective norm (r = .42, P < .05, R2 = 17.64) revealed similar relationships with intention. The study supports the TPB as a relevant conceptual framework for the investigation of exercise intentions and behaviours during pregnancy. PBC carried slightly more weight in explaining behaviour than did intention thereby suggesting that exercise during pregnancy is not a behaviour that is under women’s complete volitional control. Intention to exercise was influenced primarily by expectant mothers’ beliefs about the positive and negative consequences of doing so. Contrary to previous meta-analytic reports in the exercise domain, this study supported the relevance of subjective norm as a construct to investigate exercise intentions and behaviour in a pregnant population. The perceived social pressure to conform to other people’s opinion about physical activity during pregnancy may well be an important consideration for pregnant women. These findings present both researchers and practitioners with an opportunity for intervention and further research.

Year2014
ConferenceBritish Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences
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Deposited15 Dec 2014
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https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/item/87304/examining-the-effectiveness-of-the-theory-of-planned-behaviour-in-predicting-exercise-intention-and-behaviour-during-pregnancy-preliminary-findings-from-a-random-effects-meta-analysis

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Vulnerability: ripples from reflections on mental toughness
Uphill, M. and Hemmings, B. 2016. Vulnerability: ripples from reflections on mental toughness. The Sport Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0034
An exploration of Keyes’ two-continuum model of mental health in athletes: resilience, mental illness and performance
Uphill, M., Sly, D. and Swain, J. 2016. An exploration of Keyes’ two-continuum model of mental health in athletes: resilience, mental illness and performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 38, pp. S266-S267.
The development and preliminary validation of the Challenge and Threat in Sport (CAT-Sport) Scale
Rossato, C., Uphill, M., Swain, J. and Coleman, D. 2016. The development and preliminary validation of the Challenge and Threat in Sport (CAT-Sport) Scale. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1182571
"Hero Imagery" - Are there performance advantages associated with imagining yourself as your favourite athlete?
Uphill, M., Balsdon, A., Brown, M., Digby-Bowl, C., Southam, M. and Swain, J. 2015. "Hero Imagery" - Are there performance advantages associated with imagining yourself as your favourite athlete?
“Already tired – do I need to be more tired?!” Eliciting the modal salient exercise beliefs of pregnant women in East Kent (United Kingdom).
De Vivo, M. and Mills, H. 2015. “Already tired – do I need to be more tired?!” Eliciting the modal salient exercise beliefs of pregnant women in East Kent (United Kingdom).
The Character Development Project Final Report
Cooling, T., Hulbert, S., Thomas, C. and Gregory, P. 2016. The Character Development Project Final Report. Church of England Education Office.
Museum objects, aesthetic stimulation and psychological wellbeing in early to middle stages of dementia
Camic, P. and Hulbert, S. 2016. Museum objects, aesthetic stimulation and psychological wellbeing in early to middle stages of dementia.
From mental health to mental wealth in athletes: looking back and moving forward.
Uphill, M., Sly, D. and Swain, J. 2016. From mental health to mental wealth in athletes: looking back and moving forward. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00935
Examining the effectiveness of the theory of planned behaviour in explaining exercise intention and behaviour during pregnancy: a meta-analysis
De Vivo, M., Hulbert, S., Mills, H. and Uphill, M. 2016. Examining the effectiveness of the theory of planned behaviour in explaining exercise intention and behaviour during pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2015.1118022
Behaviour change: Physical (in)activity
Uphill, M. 2014. Behaviour change: Physical (in)activity. The British Psychological Society.
Public attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities after viewing Olympic or Paralympic performance
Ferrara, K., Burns, J. and Mills, H. 2015. Public attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities after viewing Olympic or Paralympic performance. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 32 (1), pp. 19-33. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2014-0136
A retrospective observational study of the effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate on acute inpatient hospitalization rates
Bressington, D., Stock, J., Hulbert, S. and MacInnes, D. 2015. A retrospective observational study of the effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate on acute inpatient hospitalization rates. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 30 (4), pp. 230-236. https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000077
Viewing art on a tablet computer: a wellbeing intervention for people with dementia and their caregivers
Tyack, C., Camic, P., Herron, A. and Hulbert, S. 2015. Viewing art on a tablet computer: a wellbeing intervention for people with dementia and their caregivers. Journal of Applied Gerontology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464815617287
Museum activities in dementia care: using visual analog scales to measure subjective wellbeing
Johnson, J., Culverwell, A., Hulbert, S., Roberton, M. and Camic, P. 2015. Museum activities in dementia care: using visual analog scales to measure subjective wellbeing. Dementia: The International Journal for Social Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301215611763
The impact of viewing and making art on verbal fluency and memory in people with dementia in an art gallery setting
Young, R., Tischler, V., Hulbert, S. and Camic, P. 2015. The impact of viewing and making art on verbal fluency and memory in people with dementia in an art gallery setting. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000030
The unitary ability of IQ and indexes in WAIS-IV
Orsini, A., Pezzuti, L. and Hulbert, S. 2015. The unitary ability of IQ and indexes in WAIS-IV. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000306
Group singing and young people’s psychological well-being
Hinshaw, T., Clift, S., Hulbert, S. and Camic, P. 2015. Group singing and young people’s psychological well-being. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623730.2014.999454
“I could have gone off much harder”. Post-race counterfactual thinking in indoor rowers.
Dray, K., Uphill, M., Mills, H. and Southam, M. 2015. “I could have gone off much harder”. Post-race counterfactual thinking in indoor rowers.
Towards the validation of a measure of challenge and threat in sport
Rossato, C., Uphill, M., Coleman, D. and Swain, J. 2013. Towards the validation of a measure of challenge and threat in sport.
Reflection on the DSEP Conference 2013: The paradoxical effects of vulnerability
Uphill, M. 2014. Reflection on the DSEP Conference 2013: The paradoxical effects of vulnerability. Sport and Exercise Psychology Review. 10 (2), pp. 42-44.
The unitary ability of IQ in the WISC-IV and its computation
Orsini, A., Pezzuti, L., Hulbert, S., Sapienza University of Rome and Canterbury Christ Church University 2014. The unitary ability of IQ in the WISC-IV and its computation. Personality and Individual Differences. 69, pp. 173-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.023
Enhanced physical health screening for people with severe mental illness in Hong Kong: results from a one-year prospective case series study
Bressington, D., Mui, J., Hulbert, S., Cheung, E., Bradford, S. and Gray, Richard 2014. Enhanced physical health screening for people with severe mental illness in Hong Kong: results from a one-year prospective case series study. BMC Psychiatry. 14 (57). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-57
The thrill of defeat and the agony of victory: towards an understanding and transformation of athletes’ emotional experience
Uphill, M. and Dray, K. 2013. The thrill of defeat and the agony of victory: towards an understanding and transformation of athletes’ emotional experience. Reflective Practice. 14 (5), pp. 660-671. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2013.835720
The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport
Lane, A., Beedie, C., Jones, M., Uphill, M. and Devonport, T. 2012. The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences. 30 (11), pp. 1189-1195. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.693621
Emotion regulation questionnaire for use with athletes
Uphill, M., Lane, A. and Jones, M. 2012. Emotion regulation questionnaire for use with athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 13 (6), pp. 761-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.05.001
The influence of parents' education in the Italian standardization sample of the WISC-III
Cianci, L., Orsini, A., Hulbert, S. and Pezzuti, L. 2013. The influence of parents' education in the Italian standardization sample of the WISC-III. Learning and Individual Differences. 28, pp. 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2013.09.009
The influence of in-game emotions on basketball performance
Uphill, M., Groom, R. and Jones, M. 2012. The influence of in-game emotions on basketball performance. European Journal of Sport Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.729088
Exploring perceptions of success within an exercise referral scheme: a mixed method investigation
Mills, H., Crone, D., James, D. and Johnston, L. 2012. Exploring perceptions of success within an exercise referral scheme: a mixed method investigation. Evaluation Review. 36 (6), pp. 407-429. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X12474452
The potential power of the Paralympics - changing attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities
Parrot, K., Burns, J., Mills, H. and Baker, P. 2012. The potential power of the Paralympics - changing attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities.
'Even if you can’t skip, you have a skip in your step when you walk out of the gym': a study into patients' perceptions of an exercise referral scheme
Mills, H., Crone, D., Johnston, L. and James, D. 2007. 'Even if you can’t skip, you have a skip in your step when you walk out of the gym': a study into patients' perceptions of an exercise referral scheme.
The consequences and control of emotions in elite athletes
Uphill, M. and Jones, M. 2011. The consequences and control of emotions in elite athletes. in: Thatcher, J., Jones, M. and Lavallee, D. (ed.) Coping and Emotion in Sport London Routledge. pp. 213-235
Emotion in sport: antecedents and performance consequences
Jones, M. and Uphill, M. 2011. Emotion in sport: antecedents and performance consequences. in: Thatcher, J., Jones, M. and Lavallee, D. (ed.) Coping and Emotion in Sport London Routledge. pp. 33-61
The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport: produced on behalf of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences
Lane, A., Beedie, C., Jones, M., Uphill, M. and Devenport, T. 2011. The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport: produced on behalf of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. The Sport and Exercise Scientist. 29, pp. 14-15.
Reflecting on reflections: the role of ‘what might have been’
Dray, K. and Uphill, M. 2012. Reflecting on reflections: the role of ‘what might have been’. The Sport and Exercise Scientist. 33, pp. 9-10.
Emotional intelligence: associations with emotions, emotion regulation and rowing performance
Uphill, M. and Mills, H. 2011. Emotional intelligence: associations with emotions, emotion regulation and rowing performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 45 (15). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.36
Response to article: Effect of exercise referral schemes in primary care on physical activity and improving health outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Crone, D., James, D., Mills, H. and Johnston, L. 2011. Response to article: Effect of exercise referral schemes in primary care on physical activity and improving health outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. British Medical Journal (BMJ). 2011 (343). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d6462
Building Bridges - An innovative tool to capture small health behaviour changes; the development process
Mills, H., Uphill, M. and Weed, M. 2011. Building Bridges - An innovative tool to capture small health behaviour changes; the development process.
Factors associated with exercise referral scheme success
Mills, H. 2009. Factors associated with exercise referral scheme success.
Counterfactuals: Contexts and consequences
Dray, K. and Uphill, M. 2009. Counterfactuals: Contexts and consequences.
Perfectionism, goal expectancies, and competitive performance in triathletes
Stoeber, J. and Uphill, M. 2007. Perfectionism, goal expectancies, and competitive performance in triathletes. in: Theodorakis, Y., Goudas, M. and Papaionnou, A. (ed.) 12th European Congress of Sport Psychology Book of Abstracts University of Thessaly. pp. 266
Elite athletes’ perceptions of the impact of emotions on performance: A qualitative study
Uphill, M. and Jones, M. 2007. Elite athletes’ perceptions of the impact of emotions on performance: A qualitative study. in: Theodorakis, Y., Goudas, M. and Papaionnou, A. (ed.) 12th European Congress of Sport Psychology Book of Abstracts University of Thessaly. pp. 223
Effect of emotions on working memory and game involvement in basketball players
Uphill, M., Groom, R. and Jones, M. 2007. Effect of emotions on working memory and game involvement in basketball players. in: Theodorakis, Y., Goudas, M. and Papaionnou, A. (ed.) 12th European Congress of Sport Psychology Book of Abstracts University of Thessaly. pp. 223
'Even if you can't skip, you have a skip in your step when you walk out of the gym': a study into patients' perceptions of an exercise referral scheme
Mills, H., James, D., Chrone, D. and Johnston, L. 2007. 'Even if you can't skip, you have a skip in your step when you walk out of the gym': a study into patients' perceptions of an exercise referral scheme. Journal of Sports Sciences. 25 (S2), pp. 108-109.
Does it matter how we reflect on interpersonal conflicts in sport?
Uphill, M. 2010. Does it matter how we reflect on interpersonal conflicts in sport?
A mixed method investigation into the perception and measurement of success in an exercise referral scheme
Mills, H., Crone, D., James, D. and Johnston, L. 2010. A mixed method investigation into the perception and measurement of success in an exercise referral scheme.
‘Like I say to my dad, it’s not you’re fat, it’s probably muscle’ – exploring young boys’ perceptions of the physical activity and health relationship
Mills, H. and Mendez, K. 2010. ‘Like I say to my dad, it’s not you’re fat, it’s probably muscle’ – exploring young boys’ perceptions of the physical activity and health relationship.
Placebo effects of ergogenic aids in sports performance: experimental, psychometric and interview data
Beedie, C., Foad, A., Coleman, D. and Uphill, M. 2006. Placebo effects of ergogenic aids in sports performance: experimental, psychometric and interview data.
Coping with, and reducing the number of careless shots: a case study with a county golfer
Uphill, M. and Jones, M. 2005. Coping with, and reducing the number of careless shots: a case study with a county golfer. Sport and Exercise Psychology Review. 1 (2), pp. 14-22.
Anxiety in sport: should we be worried or excited?
Uphill, M. 2008. Anxiety in sport: should we be worried or excited? in: Lane, A. (ed.) Sport and Exercise Psychology London Hodder Education. pp. 35-52
Getting a grip on emotion regulation in sport: conceptual foundations and practical applications
Uphill, M., McCarthy, P. and Jones, M. 2009. Getting a grip on emotion regulation in sport: conceptual foundations and practical applications. in: Mellallieu, S. and Hanton, S. (ed.) Advances in Applied Sport Psychology Abingdon, UK Routledge. pp. 162-194
Public health and physical activity
Mills, H., Crone, D. and El Ansari, W. 2009. Public health and physical activity. in: Wilson, F. and Mabhala, M. (ed.) Key Concepts in Public Health Los Angeles SAGE Publications Ltd. pp. 202-206
Giving yourself a good beating: appraisal, attribution, rumination, and counterfactual thinking
Uphill, M. and Dray, K. 2009. Giving yourself a good beating: appraisal, attribution, rumination, and counterfactual thinking. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 8 (CSSI 3), pp. 5-12.
A survey of athletes' counterfactual thinking: precursors, prevalence and consequences
Dray, K. and Uphill, M. 2009. A survey of athletes' counterfactual thinking: precursors, prevalence and consequences. Sport and Exercise Psychology Review. 5 (1), pp. 16-26.
Factors associated with physical activity referral completion and health outcomes
James, D., Mills, H., Crone, D., Johnston, L., Morris, C. and Gidlow, C. 2009. Factors associated with physical activity referral completion and health outcomes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 27 (10), pp. 1007-1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903214248
Antecedents of emotions in elite athletes: a cognitive motivational relational theory perspective
Uphill, M. and Jones, M. 2007. Antecedents of emotions in elite athletes: a cognitive motivational relational theory perspective. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 78 (2), pp. 79-89.
Responses to the competitive state anxiety inventory-2(d) by athletes in anxious and excited scenarios
Jones, M. and Uphill, M. 2004. Responses to the competitive state anxiety inventory-2(d) by athletes in anxious and excited scenarios. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 5 (2), pp. 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00054-7
Development and validation of the Sport Emotion Questionnaire
Jones, M., Lane, A., Bray, S., Uphill, M. and Catlin, J. 2005. Development and validation of the Sport Emotion Questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 27 (4), pp. 407-431.
Predicting race performance in triathlon: the role of perfectionism, achievement goals, and personal goal setting
Stoeber, J., Uphill, M. and Hotham, S. 2009. Predicting race performance in triathlon: the role of perfectionism, achievement goals, and personal goal setting. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 31 (2), pp. 211-245.
'When running is something you dread': a cognitive-behavioural intervention to assist a club runner regulate pre-competitive anxiety
Uphill, M. and Jones, M. 2007. 'When running is something you dread': a cognitive-behavioural intervention to assist a club runner regulate pre-competitive anxiety. in: Lane, A. (ed.) Mood and Human Performance: Conceptual, Measurement and Applied Issues New York Nova Science Publishers. pp. 271-295