The Physical Activity Messaging Framework (PAMF) and Checklist (PAMC): International consensus statement and user guide

Journal article


Williamson, C, Baker, G, Tomasone, J.R, Bauman, A, Mutrie, N, Niven, A, Richards, J, Oyeyemi, A, Baxter, B, Rigby, B, Cullen, B, Paddy, B, Smith, B, Foster, C, Drummy, C, Vandelanotte, C, Oliver, E, Sari Tetra Dewi, F, McEwen, F, Bain, F, Faulkner, G, McEwen, H, Mills, H., Brazier, J, Nobles, J, Hall, J, Maclaren, K, Milton, K, Olscamp, K, Villalobos Campos, L, Bursle, L, Murphy, M, Cavill, N, Johnston, N.J., Crorie, P, Ari Wibowo, R, Bassett-Gunter, R, Jones, R, Ruane, S, Shilton, T and Kelly, P 2021. The Physical Activity Messaging Framework (PAMF) and Checklist (PAMC): International consensus statement and user guide. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
AuthorsWilliamson, C, Baker, G, Tomasone, J.R, Bauman, A, Mutrie, N, Niven, A, Richards, J, Oyeyemi, A, Baxter, B, Rigby, B, Cullen, B, Paddy, B, Smith, B, Foster, C, Drummy, C, Vandelanotte, C, Oliver, E, Sari Tetra Dewi, F, McEwen, F, Bain, F, Faulkner, G, McEwen, H, Mills, H., Brazier, J, Nobles, J, Hall, J, Maclaren, K, Milton, K, Olscamp, K, Villalobos Campos, L, Bursle, L, Murphy, M, Cavill, N, Johnston, N.J., Crorie, P, Ari Wibowo, R, Bassett-Gunter, R, Jones, R, Ruane, S, Shilton, T and Kelly, P
Abstract

Effective physical activity messaging plays an important role in the pathway towards changing physical activity behaviour at a population level. The Physical Activity Messaging Framework (PAMF) and Checklist (PAMC) are outputs from a recent modified Delphi study.

This sought consensus from an international expert panel on how to aid the creation and evaluation of physical activity messages. In this paper, we (1) present an overview of the various concepts within the PAMF and PAMC, (2) discuss in detail how the PAMF and PAMC can be used to create physical activity messages, plan evaluation of messages, and aid understanding and categorisation of existing messages, and (3) highlight areas for future development and research. If adopted, we propose that the PAMF and PAMC could improve physical activity messaging practice by encouraging evidence-based and target population focused messages with clearly stated aims and consideration of potential working pathways.

They could also enhance the physical activity messaging research base by harmonising key messaging terminologies, improving quality of reporting, and aiding collation and synthesis of the evidence.

KeywordsExercise; Campaigns; Communication; Guidance; Principles
Year2021
JournalInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
PublisherBMC
ISSN1479-5868
Official URLhttps://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-021-01230-8
Publication dates
Online19 Dec 2021
Publication process dates
Accepted17 Nov 2021
Deposited13 Dec 2021
Accepted author manuscript
License
Output statusPublished
References

Lee, I.M., et al., Effect of physical inactivity on major non- communicable diseases worldwide:
an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet, 2012. 380(9838): p. 219-229.
2. Strain, T., et al., Use of the prevented fraction for the population to determine deaths averted
by existing prevalence of physical activity: a descriptive study. The Lancet global health,
2020. 8(7): p. e920-e930.
3. Strain, T., et al., Wearable-device-measured physical activity and future health risk. Nature
medicine, 2020. 26(9): p. 1385-1391.
4. Rutter, H., et al., Systems approaches to global and national physical activity plans. Bulletin
of the World Health Organization, 2019. 97(2): p. 162-165.
5. Organization, W.H., Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2013: more active people for
a healthier world. 2018: Geneva.
6. International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH). ISPAH’s Eight Investments That
Work for Physical Activity. 2020.
7. Williamson, C., et al., Get the message? A scoping review of physical activity messaging.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2020. 17(51).
8. Milton, K., et al., Maximising the impact of global and national physical activity guidelines:
the critical role of communication strategies. British journal of sports medicine, 2020. 54(24):
p. 1463-1467.
9. Williamson, C., et al., A modified Delphi study to enhance and gain international consensus
on the Physical Activity Messaging Framework (PAMF) and Checklist (PAMC). International
Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2021. 18(108): p. 1-13.
10. Connell, L.E., et al., Links Between Behavior Change Techniques and Mechanisms of Action:
An Expert Consensus Study. Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of
Behavioral Medicine, 2019. 53(8): p. 708.
11. Michie, S., v.M.M. Stralen, and R. West, The behaviour change wheel: a new method for
characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implementation Science, 2011.
6.
12. Williamson, C., et al., A modified Delphi study to enhance and gain international consensus
on the Physical Activity Messaging Framework (PAMF) and Checklist (PAMC). In preparation.
13. Jünger, S., et al., Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies (CREDES) in palliative
care: Recommendations based on a methodological systematic review. 2017: London,
England. p. 684-706.
14. Pfadenhauer, L.M., et al., Making sense of complexity in context and implementation: The
Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) framework. Implementation
science : IS, 2017. 12(1): p. 21-21.
15. Lewis, C.C., et al., From Classification to Causality: Advancing Understanding of Mechanisms
of Change in Implementation Science. Frontiers in public health, 2018. 6: p. 136-136.
16. Nutbeam, D. and A. Bauman, Evaluation in a nutshell : a practical guide to the evaluation of
health promotion programs. 2nd edition / Adrian Bauman, Don Nutbeam.. ed, ed. A.E.
Bauman. 2014, North Ryde, NSW: North Ryde, NSW : McGraw Hill Education, Medical.
17. Smith, B., O. Williams, and L. Bone, Co-producing research in the sport, physical activity, and
exercise sciences: A resource to guide co-production. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise
and Health, forthcoming.
18. Latimer, A.E., L. Brawley, and R. Bassett, A systematic review of three approaches for
constructing physical activity messages: What messages work and what improvements are
needed?, in Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2010.
19. Conroy, D.E., et al., Personalized models of physical activity responses to text message microinterventions: A proof-of-concept application of control systems engineering methods.
Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 2019. 41: p. 172-180.
25
20. French, J., Social Marketing and Public Health: Theory and Practice. 2017, Oxford: Oxford:
Oxford University Press USA - OSO.
21. Cross, R., S. Davis, and I. O'Neil, Health Communication: Theoretical and Critical Perspectives.
2017, Cambridge: Polity Press.
22. Lee, Y.O., et al., Peer crowd segmentation for targeting public education campaigns: Hip hop
youth and tobacco use. Preventive medicine reports, 2019. 14: p. 100843-100843.
23. Oliver, K., A. Kothari, and N. Mays, The dark side of coproduction: do the costs outweigh the
benefits for health research? Health research policy and systems, 2019. 17(1): p. 33-33.
24. Prochaska, J.O. and W.F. Velicer, The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. Am.
J. Health Promot., 1997. 12(1): p. 38-48.
25. Bandura, A., Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication. Media psychology, 2001. 3(3):
p. 265-299.
26. Ajzen, I., The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision
processes, 1991. 50(2): p. 179-211.
27. Janz, N. and M. Becker, The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education Quarterly,
1984. 11(1): p. 1-47.
28. Arnardottir, N.Y., et al., Comparison of Summer and Winter Objectively Measured Physical
Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility
Reykjavik Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2017.
14(10): p. 1268.
29. Glowacki, K., et al., Barriers and facilitators to physical activity and exercise among adults
with depression: A scoping review. Mental health and physical activity, 2017. 13: p. 108-119.
30. Government, S. Scotland in lockdown: urgent action to bring virus under control. 2021 [cited
2021 31st May]; Available from: https://www.gov.scot/news/scotland-in-lockdown/.
31. World Health Organization (WHO), WHO guidelines on physical activity and
sedentary behaviour. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 2020: Geneva.
32. Scottish Government., UK Chief Medical Officers' Physical Activity Guidelines. 2019. Available
from:https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/u...
ment_data/file/832868/uk-chief-medical-officers-physical-activity-guidelines.pdf
33. Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian 24-hour Movement Guidelines for Adults ages 18-
64 years: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep. 2020.
34. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans,
2nd Edition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Editor. 2018: Washington, DC.
USA.
35. Pate, R.R., et al., Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA: Journal
of the American Medical Association, 1995. 273(5): p. 402-407.
36. Choi, B.C.K., et al., Daily step goal of 10,000 steps: A literature review. Clinical and
investigative medicine, 2007. 30(3): p. E146-E151.
37. Kelly, P., et al., Walking on sunshine: scoping review of the evidence for walking and mental
health, in Br. J. Sports Med. 2018. p. 800-+.
38. Teychenne, M., et al., Do we need physical activity guidelines for mental health: What does
the evidence tell us? Mental health and physical activity, 2020. 18: p. 100315.
39. Rhodes, R. and K. Courneya, Effects of a Health-Based versus Appearance-Based Persuasive
Message on Attitudes Towards Exercise: Testing the Moderating Role of Self-Monitoring.
Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2000. 15(3): p. 321.
40. Gaston, A. and K. Gammage, The effectiveness of a health‐based message on pregnant
women’s intentions to exercise postpartum. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology,
2011. 29(2): p. 162-169.
26
41. Brand, C., et al., The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: Evidence from a
longitudinal panel study in seven European cities. Global environmental change, 2021. 67: p.
102224.
42. Gilbert, G., et al., Do Framed Mental Health Messages on Social Media Influence University
Students’ Motivation for Physical Activity? International Journal of Environmental Research
and Public Health, 2021. 18(16, 8671): p. 1-11.
43. Bassett-Gunter, R.L., K.A. Martin Ginis, and A.E. Latimer-Cheung, Do You Want the Good
News or the Bad News? Gain- Versus Loss-Framed Messages Following Health Risk
Information: The Effects on Leisure Time Physical Activity Beliefs and Cognitions. Health
Psychology, 2013. 32(12): p. 1188-1198.
44. Bassett, R.L.M.S. and K.A.P.D. Martin Ginis, Risky business: The effects of an individualized
health information intervention on health risk perceptions and leisure time physical activity
among people with spinal cord injury. Disability and health journal, 2011. 4(3): p. 165-176.
45. Dacey, M., A. Baltzell, and L. Zaichkowsky, Older adults' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
toward physical activity. American journal of health behavior, 2008. 32(6): p. 570-582.
46. Nobles, J., et al., “Let’s Talk about Physical Activity”: Understanding the Preferences of
Under-Served Communities When Messaging Physical Activity Guidelines to the Public.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020. 17(2782): p. 2782.
47. Quick, B.L. and J.R. Considine, Examining the Use of Forceful Language When Designing
Exercise Persuasive Messages for Adults: A Test of Conceptualizing Reactance Arousal as a
Two-Step Process. Health Communication, 2008. 23(5): p. 483-491.
48. Hatchell, A.C., et al., Messages for Men: The Efficacy of EPPM-Based Messages Targeting
Men's Physical Activity. Health Psychology, 2013. 32(1): p. 24-32.
49. Brengman, M., et al., Functional Effectiveness of Threat Appeals in Exercise Promotion
Messages. Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology,
2010. 31(3): p. 577-604.
50. Green, J., Health promotion : planning and strategies. Third edition.. ed, ed. K. Tones, R.
Cross, and J. Woodall. 2015, Los Angeles: Los Angeles : SAGE.
51. Hubley, J., Communicating health : an action guide to health education and health
promotion. 1993, London: London : Macmillan.
52. Hunter, R.F., et al., Addressing inequalities in physical activity participation: Implications for
public health policy and practice. Preventive medicine, 2015. 72: p. 64-69.
53. Lehne, G. and G. Bolte, Impact of universal interventions on social inequalities in physical
activity among older adults: An equity-focused systematic review. The international journal
of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2017. 14(1): p. 20-20.
54. Demarest, S., et al., Educational inequalities in leisure-time physical activity in 15 European
countries. European journal of public health, 2014. 24(2): p. 199-204.
55. Beenackers, M., et al., Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time, and
transport related physical activity among European adults: A systematic review. The
international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2012. 9(1): p. 116-116.
56. Acheson, D., Independent inquiry into inequalities in health : report. 1998, London: London :
Stationery Office.
57. Kwak, N., Revisiting the Knowledge Gap Hypothesis: Education, Motivation, and Media Use.
Communication research, 1999. 26(4): p. 385-413.
58. Gaziano, C., The Knowledge Gap: An Analytical Review of Media Effects. 1982.
59. Spence, J.C., et al., Awareness of ParticipACTION among Canadian adults: a seven-year crosssectional follow-up. Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada, 2018.
38(4): p. 179-186.
60. Kreuter, M.W., et al., Achieving Cultural Appropriateness in Health Promotion Programs:
Targeted and Tailored Approaches. Health education & behavior, 2003. 30(2): p. 133-146.
27
61. Emma M, D., et al., Behavior Change Interventions to Improve the Health of Racial and Ethnic
Minority Populations: A Tool Kit of Adaptation Approaches. The Milbank quarterly, 2013.
91(4): p. 811-851.
62. Smith, B. and L. Wightman, Promoting physical activity to disabled people: messengers,
messages, guidelines and communication formats. Disability and rehabilitation, 2019: p. 1.
63. Sport England. This Girl Can. Our Work 2019 4th July 2019]; This girl can is our nationwide
campaign to get women and girls moving, regardless of shape, size and ability]. Available
from: https://www.sportengland.org/our-work/women/this-girl-can/.
64. Sport England, This Girl Can: Campaign Summary. Available from: https://sportenglandproduction-files.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-01/CampaignSummary.pdf?VersionId=Yu_jmNiqPxjL8IlJC0EqvKXjJ_GOFpfx
65. Sport England, Go where women are: Insight on engaging women and girls in sport and
exercise. Available from: https://sportengland-production-files.s3.eu-west2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/insight_go-where-women-are.pdf
66. Bevington, F., et al., The Move Your Way Campaign: Encouraging Contemplators and
Families to Meet the Recommendations From the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
Journal of physical activity & health, 2020. 17(4): p. 397-403.
67. Smith, B., et al., Disability, the communication of physical activity and sedentary behaviour,
and ableism: a call for inclusive messages. British journal of sports medicine, 2021: p.
bjsports-2020-103780.
68. Barnish, M.S. and S. Turner, The value of pragmatic and observational studies in health care
and public health. Pragmatic and observational research, 2017. 8: p. 49-55.
69. Moher, D., et al., Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the
PRISMA statement. BMJ, 2009. 339(jul21 1): p. b2535-b2535.
70. Schulz, K.F., D.G. Altman, and D. Moher, CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for
reporting parallel group randomised trials. PLoS medicine, 2010. 7(3): p. 1-7.
71. Faught, E., et al., Optimal messaging of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for
Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years and older. Applied Physiology, Nutrition,
and Metabolism, 2020. 45: p. S125-S150

Permalink -

https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/item/8zx1v/the-physical-activity-messaging-framework-pamf-and-checklist-pamc-international-consensus-statement-and-user-guide

Download files


Accepted author manuscript
  • 195
    total views
  • 115
    total downloads
  • 3
    views this month
  • 1
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Clinical and exercise professional opinion on designing a postpartum return-to-running training programme: an international Delphi study and consensus statement.
Deering, R., Donnelly, Gráinne M, Brockwell, Emma, Bo, K., Davenport, M., DeVivo, M., Dufour, Sinead, Forner, L., Mills, H., Moore, I., Olson, Amanda and Christopher, Shefali Mathur 2024. Clinical and exercise professional opinion on designing a postpartum return-to-running training programme: an international Delphi study and consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-107490
Clinical and exercise professional opinion of return-to-running readiness after childbirth: an international Delphi study and consensus statement.
Christopher, S., Donnelly, Gráinne, Brockwell, Emma, Bo, Kari, Davenport, M., DeVivo, M., Dufour, Sinead, Forner, L., Mills, H., Moore, I., Olson, Amanda and Deering, R. 2023. Clinical and exercise professional opinion of return-to-running readiness after childbirth: an international Delphi study and consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-107489
Recommending swimming to people with low back pain: a scoping review
Oakes, H., DeVivo, M., Mills, H. and Stephensen, D. 2023. Recommending swimming to people with low back pain: a scoping review. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 36, pp. 274-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.05.012
Embedding physical activity guidance during pregnancy and in postpartum care: ‘This Mum Moves’ enhances professional practice of midwives and health visitors
Taylor, K., De Vivo, Marlize, Mills, Hayley, Hurst, Phil, Draper, S. and Foad, Abby 2023. Embedding physical activity guidance during pregnancy and in postpartum care: ‘This Mum Moves’ enhances professional practice of midwives and health visitors. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 69 (1), pp. 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.13547
Managing flare-ups: The experience of a group of swimmers with persistent low back pain
Oakes, H., DeVivo, M., Stephensen, D. and Mills, H. 2021. Managing flare-ups: The experience of a group of swimmers with persistent low back pain. Physiotherapy. 114 (S1), pp. E220-E221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.208
The Physical Activity Messaging Framework (PAMF) and Checklist (PAMC): International consensus statement and user guide
Williamson, C., Baker, Graham, Tomasone, Jennifer R, Bauman, Adrian, Mutrie, Nanette, Niven, Ailsa, Richards, Justin, Oyeyemi, Adewale, Baxter, Beelin, Rigby, Benjamin, Cullen, Benny, Paddy, Brendan, Smith, Brett, Foster, Charlie, Drummy, Clare, Vandelanotte, Corneel, Oliver, Emily, Dewi, Fatwa Sari Tetra, McEwen, Fran, Bain, Frances, Faulkner, Guy, McEwen, Hamish, Mills, Hayley, Brazier, Jack, Nobles, James, Hall, Jennifer, Maclaren, Kaleigh, Milton, Karen, Olscamp, Kate, Campos, Lisseth Villalobos, Bursle, Louise, Murphy, Marie, Cavill, Nick, Johnston, Nora J, McCrorie, Paul, Wibowo, Rakhmat Ari, Bassett-Gunter, Rebecca, Jones, Rebecca, Ruane, Sarah, Shilton, Trevor and Kelly, Paul 2021. The Physical Activity Messaging Framework (PAMF) and Checklist (PAMC): International consensus statement and user guide. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 18 (1), p. 164. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01230-8
Do people with long-term pain swim? Understanding participation using the active lives survey
Oakes, H., De Vivo, M., Stephensen, D. and Mills, H. 2021. Do people with long-term pain swim? Understanding participation using the active lives survey. Physiotherapy. 113, p. e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.235
Laying the foundation for pregnancy physical activity profiling: A framework for providing tailored physical Activity advice and guidance to pregnant women
DeVivo, M. and Mills, H. 2021. Laying the foundation for pregnancy physical activity profiling: A framework for providing tailored physical Activity advice and guidance to pregnant women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (11). https://doi.org/ijerph18115996
A rapid review of communication strategies for physical activity guidelines and physical activity promotion: A review of worldwide strategies
Budzynski-Seymour, E., Milton, K., Mills, H., Wade, M., Foster, C., Vishnubala, D., Baxter, B., Williamson, C. and Steele, J. 2021. A rapid review of communication strategies for physical activity guidelines and physical activity promotion: A review of worldwide strategies. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 18 (8), pp. 1014-1027. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0832
Pool closures during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on low back pain management
Oakes, H., DeVivo, M., Stephensen, D. and Mills, H. 2021. Pool closures during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on low back pain management.
Pregnancy in the female athlete - Part 1: antenatal
Pitchers, G., Elliot-Sale, K., DeVivo, M., Donelon, T., Mills, H., Brockwell, E. and Donnelly, G. 2020. Pregnancy in the female athlete - Part 1: antenatal. Professional Strength & Conditioning. 58, pp. 15-22.
Scoping review: should physiotherapists recommend swimming to patients with low back pain and is further research indicated
Oakes, H., Mills, H., DeVivo, M. and Stephensen, D. 2020. Scoping review: should physiotherapists recommend swimming to patients with low back pain and is further research indicated. Physiotherapy. 107 (S1), p. e190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.278
Encouraging physical activity during and after pregnancy in the COVID-19 era, and beyond
Atkinson, L., DeVivo, M., Hayes, L., Hesketh, K. R., Mills, H., Newham, J. J., Olander, E. K. and Smith, D. M. 2020. Encouraging physical activity during and after pregnancy in the COVID-19 era, and beyond. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (7304), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197304
Evaluating Mums’ Zone: a combined intervention of physical activity and social support for new mums.
DeVivo, M. and Mills, H. 2020. Evaluating Mums’ Zone: a combined intervention of physical activity and social support for new mums.
2019 Women in Sport and Exercise Conference abstracts: Introducing This Mum Moves: an educational campaign to support pregnant women and new mothers in enjoying and benefiting from an active lifestyle
DeVivo, M. and Mills, H. 2020. 2019 Women in Sport and Exercise Conference abstracts: Introducing This Mum Moves: an educational campaign to support pregnant women and new mothers in enjoying and benefiting from an active lifestyle. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal. 28 (1), pp. 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2020-0011
Infographic. Guidance for medical, health and fitness professionals to support women in returning to running postnatally
Donnelly, G. M., Rankin, A., Mills, H., DeVivo, M., Goom, T. and Brockwell, E 2020. Infographic. Guidance for medical, health and fitness professionals to support women in returning to running postnatally. British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Exercise professionals' confidence in engaging women to be physically active during pregnancy
Draper, S., DeVivo, M. and Mills, H. 2020. Exercise professionals' confidence in engaging women to be physically active during pregnancy.
#Greatcoaching within sport
Howells, K., Gubby, L., Dray, K. and Mills, H. 2019. #Greatcoaching within sport. Expert Comments
#BalanceforBetter within sport
Howells, K., Gubby, L., Dray, K. and Mills, H. 2019. #BalanceforBetter within sport. CCCU website Media Department.
You're pregnant, are you sure you should be doing that?
Mills, H. and DeVivo, M. 2019. You're pregnant, are you sure you should be doing that? Human Kinetics.
Physical activity during and beyond pregnancy: The importance of consistent and clear messages
Mills, H. and DeVivo, M. 2019. Physical activity during and beyond pregnancy: The importance of consistent and clear messages.
Physical activity and pregnancy
Mills, H., DeVivo, M., Tillet, E. and Johnson, B. 2019. Physical activity and pregnancy. Royal College of General Practitioners.
Should physiotherapists recommend swimming to patients with low back pain (LBP) and is further research warrented?
Oakes, H., DeVivo, M., Mills, H. and Stephensen, D 2019. Should physiotherapists recommend swimming to patients with low back pain (LBP) and is further research warrented?
“They turn to you first for everything”: insights into midwives’ perspectives of providing physical activity advice and guidance to pregnant women.
De Vivo, M. and Mills, H. 2019. “They turn to you first for everything”: insights into midwives’ perspectives of providing physical activity advice and guidance to pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.
Bump start needed: linking guidelines, policy and practice in promoting physical activity during and beyond pregnancy
Mills, H., Atkinson, L, Olander, E.K, Smith, D, Hayes, L, Currie, S, Newham, J, Foster, C and De Vivo, M. 2019. Bump start needed: linking guidelines, policy and practice in promoting physical activity during and beyond pregnancy. British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Assessing the psychosocial factors associated with adherence to exercise referral schemes: a systematic review
Eynon, M., Foad, J., Downey, J., Bowmer, Y. and Mills, H. 2019. Assessing the psychosocial factors associated with adherence to exercise referral schemes: a systematic review. Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports. 29 (5), pp. 638-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13403
We need more female role models in sport to inspire the next generation
Howells, K., Gubby, L., Dray, K. and Mills, H. 2018. We need more female role models in sport to inspire the next generation. Canterbury Christ Church University.
New teaching resource for promoting physical activity in pregnancy
De Vivo, M. and Mills, H. 2017. New teaching resource for promoting physical activity in pregnancy. Canterbury Christ Church University.
A mixed methods approach to advance the understanding of physical activity behaviour during pregnancy
De Vivo, M. and Mills, H. 2017. A mixed methods approach to advance the understanding of physical activity behaviour during pregnancy. Journal of Sports Sciences. 35 (S1), pp. 22-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1378421
Experiences of physical activity during pregnancy resulting from in vitro fertilisation: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Walker, C., Mills, H. and Gilchrist, A. 2017. Experiences of physical activity during pregnancy resulting from in vitro fertilisation: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2017.1313968
Why absence of evidence of risk is not the same as evidence for absence of risk
Mills, H., De Vivo, M. and Beedie, C. 2017. Why absence of evidence of risk is not the same as evidence for absence of risk. Canterbury Christ Church University.
“Already tired – do I need to be more tired?!” Eliciting the modal salient exercise beliefs of pregnant women in East Kent (United Kingdom).
De Vivo, M. and Mills, H. 2015. “Already tired – do I need to be more tired?!” Eliciting the modal salient exercise beliefs of pregnant women in East Kent (United Kingdom).
Examining the effectiveness of the theory of planned behaviour in explaining exercise intention and behaviour during pregnancy: a meta-analysis
De Vivo, M., Hulbert, S., Mills, H. and Uphill, M. 2016. Examining the effectiveness of the theory of planned behaviour in explaining exercise intention and behaviour during pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2015.1118022
Public attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities after viewing Olympic or Paralympic performance
Ferrara, K., Burns, J. and Mills, H. 2015. Public attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities after viewing Olympic or Paralympic performance. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 32 (1), pp. 19-33. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2014-0136
“I could have gone off much harder”. Post-race counterfactual thinking in indoor rowers.
Dray, K., Uphill, M., Mills, H. and Southam, M. 2015. “I could have gone off much harder”. Post-race counterfactual thinking in indoor rowers.
Examining the effectiveness of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting exercise intention and behaviour during pregnancy: Preliminary findings from a random effects meta-analysis
De Vivo, M., Hulbert, S., Mills, H. and Uphill, M. 2014. Examining the effectiveness of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting exercise intention and behaviour during pregnancy: Preliminary findings from a random effects meta-analysis.
Exploring perceptions of success within an exercise referral scheme: a mixed method investigation
Mills, H., Crone, D., James, D. and Johnston, L. 2012. Exploring perceptions of success within an exercise referral scheme: a mixed method investigation. Evaluation Review. 36 (6), pp. 407-429. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X12474452
The potential power of the Paralympics - changing attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities
Parrot, K., Burns, J., Mills, H. and Baker, P. 2012. The potential power of the Paralympics - changing attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities.
'Even if you can’t skip, you have a skip in your step when you walk out of the gym': a study into patients' perceptions of an exercise referral scheme
Mills, H., Crone, D., Johnston, L. and James, D. 2007. 'Even if you can’t skip, you have a skip in your step when you walk out of the gym': a study into patients' perceptions of an exercise referral scheme.
Emotional intelligence: associations with emotions, emotion regulation and rowing performance
Uphill, M. and Mills, H. 2011. Emotional intelligence: associations with emotions, emotion regulation and rowing performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 45 (15). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.36
Response to article: Effect of exercise referral schemes in primary care on physical activity and improving health outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Crone, D., James, D., Mills, H. and Johnston, L. 2011. Response to article: Effect of exercise referral schemes in primary care on physical activity and improving health outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. British Medical Journal (BMJ). 2011 (343). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d6462
Building Bridges - An innovative tool to capture small health behaviour changes; the development process
Mills, H., Uphill, M. and Weed, M. 2011. Building Bridges - An innovative tool to capture small health behaviour changes; the development process.
Factors associated with exercise referral scheme success
Mills, H. 2009. Factors associated with exercise referral scheme success.
'Even if you can't skip, you have a skip in your step when you walk out of the gym': a study into patients' perceptions of an exercise referral scheme
Mills, H., James, D., Chrone, D. and Johnston, L. 2007. 'Even if you can't skip, you have a skip in your step when you walk out of the gym': a study into patients' perceptions of an exercise referral scheme. Journal of Sports Sciences. 25 (S2), pp. 108-109.
A mixed method investigation into the perception and measurement of success in an exercise referral scheme
Mills, H., Crone, D., James, D. and Johnston, L. 2010. A mixed method investigation into the perception and measurement of success in an exercise referral scheme.
‘Like I say to my dad, it’s not you’re fat, it’s probably muscle’ – exploring young boys’ perceptions of the physical activity and health relationship
Mills, H. and Mendez, K. 2010. ‘Like I say to my dad, it’s not you’re fat, it’s probably muscle’ – exploring young boys’ perceptions of the physical activity and health relationship.
Public health and physical activity
Mills, H., Crone, D. and El Ansari, W. 2009. Public health and physical activity. in: Wilson, F. and Mabhala, M. (ed.) Key Concepts in Public Health Los Angeles SAGE Publications Ltd. pp. 202-206
Factors associated with physical activity referral completion and health outcomes
James, D., Mills, H., Crone, D., Johnston, L., Morris, C. and Gidlow, C. 2009. Factors associated with physical activity referral completion and health outcomes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 27 (10), pp. 1007-1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903214248