The principles of Educational Robotic Applications (ERA): a framework for understanding and developing educational robots and their activities

Book chapter


Catlin, D. and Blamires, M. 2010. The principles of Educational Robotic Applications (ERA): a framework for understanding and developing educational robots and their activities. in: Clayson, J. and Kalas̆, I. (ed.) Constructionism 2010: Constructionist Approaches to Creative Learning, Thinking and Education: Lessons for the 21st Century: Proceedings for Constructionism 2010: The 12th EuroLogo Conference, 16-20 August, 2010 Paris, France Paris The 12th EuroLogo conference.
AuthorsCatlin, D. and Blamires, M.
EditorsClayson, J. and Kalas̆, I.
Abstract

The original educational robots were the Logo Turtles. They derived their rationale from constructionism. How has this changed? This paper postulates ten principles that underpin the effective utilisation of robotic devices within education settings. We argue that they form a framework still sympathetic to constructionism that can guide the development, application and evaluation of educational robots. They articulate a summary of the existing knowledge as well as suggesting further avenues of research that may be shared by educationists and designers. The principles also provide an evaluative framework for Educational Robotic Applications (ERA). This paper is an overview of the ideas, which we will develop in future papers.

KeywordsEducational Robotics; constructionism; HRI, HCI, Robotic Applications; Machine Mediated Learning, Cross Disciplinary Research, Collaboration, Logo, Roamer, Turtle, ERA, STEM.
Year2010
Book titleConstructionism 2010: Constructionist Approaches to Creative Learning, Thinking and Education: Lessons for the 21st Century: Proceedings for Constructionism 2010: The 12th EuroLogo Conference, 16-20 August, 2010 Paris, France
PublisherThe 12th EuroLogo conference
Output statusPublished
File
License
Place of publicationParis
ISBN9788089186655
Publication process dates
Deposited18 Jan 2013
References

Adolphson K. (2005) Robotics as a Context for Meaningful Mathematics, Proceedings of the 27th
annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of
Mathematics Education. Online 09.04.10:
http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/2/4/7/...
Ainscow, M. Dyson, A. Kerr, K. (2006), Equity in Education: Mapping the Territory. The Centre
for Equity in Education, The University of Manchester. Online 22.03.10.
http://www.education.manchester.ac.uk/research/centres/cee/publicati...
4135,en.pdf
Allen, R.E. Editor (1990) The Concise Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press
Arnone, M.P. and Small, R.V. (2009). Curiosity, Interest and Engagement: A New Research
Agenda. White Paper, Center for Digital Literacy, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_robot_interaction - cite_ref-1Bartneck, C. and Okada, M
(2001). Robotic User Interfaces. Proceedings of the Human and Computer Conference: 130-
140.
Online 08.04.10 http://bartneck.de/publications/2001/roboticUserInterfaces/bartneckH...
Berthelot, R. and Salin, M. (1994). Common spatial representations and their effects upon
teaching and learning of space and geometry. In J.P. da Ponte & J.F. Matos (Editors.),
Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the International Group for the Psychology
of Mathematics Education Vol. 2 (pp. 72-79)
Bers, U.M. and Urrea, C. (2000) Technological Prayers: Parents, Children Exploring Robotics
and Values, in Robot for Kids, Druin, A and Hendler, J. (Editors) Morgan and Kaufmann
Publishers
Betts, J.S. (1997) I Thought I saw a Roaming Turtle, in Logo: A Retrospective. Edited Maddox,
C.D and LaMont Johnson, D. The Hayworth Press. Also published as Computers in Schools Vol
14 Numbers 1/2 (1997).
Black and Wiliam (2006) Inside the Black Box: Raising standards through classroom
assessment. NFER Nelson. Online 10.04.10.
http://blog.discoveryeducation.com/assessment/files/2009/02/blackbox...
Bragg, M, Calvert, G. Conway, M. and Papineau, D. (2008) Neuroscience, In Our Time, BBC
Radio 4, Broadcast 10:00 am Thursday 13th November 2008. Online 20.04.10
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00fbd26
Bransford, J. D. Brown, A. L. and Cocking, R. R. Editors (2000), How People Learn: Brain, Mind,
Experience and School. (p57) National Research Council.
Bransford, J. D. Brown, A. L. and Cocking, R. R. Editors (2000a), How People Learn: Brain,
Mind, Experience and School. (p31 -50) National Research Council.
Bransford, J. D. Brown, A. L. and Cocking, R. R. Editors (2000b), How People Learn: Brain,
Mind, Experience and School. (p131-154) National Research Council.
Breazeal, C. L. (2004) http://www.amazon.co.uk/Designing-Sociable-Intelligent-Robotics-
Autonomous/dp/0262524317/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1225484833&sr=8-
5Designing Sociable Robots (Intelligent Robotics & Autonomous Agents) MIT Press
Bruner. J.S. (1966) Towards a Theory of Instruction. Cambridge: Harvard.
Catlin, D. (2010) Robotics Performing Arts Project: An approach to STEM through cooperation
not competition. Paper presented at the Constructionism 2010 Conference, Paris, France
Catlin, D. (2010a) 28 Strategies for Using Roamer Valiant Technology. Accessed 10.06.10
http://www.valiant-technology.com/uk/pages/archives.php
Crystal, David (1999) The Penguin Dictionary of Language (2nd Edition), Penguin Books.
Cubberly. E. P. (1917) Public School Administration pp337 -338, Houghton Mifflin / the Riverside
Press
Cohen, L. and Manion, L. (1994) Research Methods in Education. Routledge.
Cuoco, A. (1990) Investigations in Algebra. MIT Press.
Dalton, D. W., and Hannafin, M. J. (1988) The Effects of Computer-Assisted and Traditional
Mastery Methods on Computation Accuracy and Attitudes. Journal of Educational Research 82/1
(1988): 27-33.
Darling-Hammond, L. (2005) New Standards and Old Inequalities: School Reform and the
Education of African American Students, p204, in Black Education Editor King, J. E. Published
for the American Educational Research Association by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dautenhahn K. (2007) Methodology and Themes of Human-Robot Interaction: A Growing
Research Field. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 4(1) pp. 103-108
Online 23.04.10 https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/3814/1/902281.pdf
Davydov V. and Radzikhovskii L. (1985) Vygotsky’s Theory and the Activity Orientated Approach
in Psychology (in James Wertsch Editor Culture, Communication and Cognition: A Vygotskian
Perspective) Cambridge University Press.
Demetriou, D. (2009) Robot Teacher Conducts First Class in Tokyo School. Daily Telegraph.
Online 24.03.10 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/5311151/Robot-teacher-conducts...
in-Tokyo-school.html Accessed 24.03.10.
Dourish P. (2003) Where the Action is: The Foundations of Embodied Interactions. MIT Press
Dreeben, R. (1987) Closing the Divide: What teachers and administrators can do to help Black
students reach their reading potential. American Educator , 11(4) 28-35.
Engeström, Y. (1987). Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach to developmental
research. Orienta-Konsultit Oy
Online 09.04.10 http://communication.ucsd.edu/MCA/Paper/Engestrom/expanding/toc.htm.
Engeström, Y. (Editor). (1999). Perspectives on Activity Theory. Cambridge University Press.
English National Curriculum (2010) Online 10.04.10 http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/new-primarycurriculum/
essentials-for-learning-and-life/index.aspx
Ferguson, R.F. (1991) Paying for Public Education: New Evidence on how and why money
matters. Harvard Journal on Legislation. 28(2), 465-498
Feurzeig, W. Papert, S. et. al. (1969), Final Report Computer Systems for Teaching Complex
Concepts: Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. Report No 1742 submitted to the Department of the
Navy Office of Naval Research Washington, D.C. under Contract Nonr-4340(00)
Fitz, H.K. (2001) Intuition: Its nature and uses in Human Experience. Motilal Banaarsidass,
Dehli.
Franklin S.A. (1997) Autonomous Agents as Embodied AI, Cybernetics and Systems 25(8)
p499-520
Freeman, W.J. (2000) How Brains Makes Up their Minds, Phoenix
Gates, B (2007) A Robot in Every Home. Cover Story January 2007 Issue of Scientific
American Magazine
Online 17.04.10 http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/A_Robot_in_Every_Home.pdf
Gay, G. (2000) Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, Research and Practice. Teachers’
College Press.
Gay, P. (1989) Tactile Turtle: explorations in space with visually impaired children and a floor
Turtle. The British Journal of Visual Impairment V11, 1, 23-25.
Gold B. (2001) Read This! The MAA Online book review column Where Mathematics Comes by
George Lakoff and Rafael E. Núñez
Online 10.04.10: http://www.maa.org/reviews/wheremath.html
Goldenberg, P.E. and Feurzeig, W. (1987) Exploring Language with Logo. MIT Press.
Goldman, L.R. (1998) Child’s Play: Myth, Mimesis and Make Believe, Berg.
Goschke, T. (1997) Implicit Learning and Unconscious Knowledge: Mental Representation,
Computational Mechanisms and Brain Structures (p247 -329)in Knowledge, Concept and
Categories Lamberts, K. and Shanks, D. (Editors) Psychological Press.
Halliday, M. (1978) Language as social semiotic. London: Edward Arnold.
Kynigos, C. (1992) The Turtle Metaphor as a Tool for Children’s Geometry (p97-126) in Learning
Mathematics and Logo, Editors Noss, R. and Hoyles, C. MIT Press.
Hidi, S. & Renninger, A. (2006) A four-phase model of interest development. Educational
Psychologist, 41, 111-127. Online 20.04.10
http://www.unco.edu/cebs/psychology/kevinpugh/motivation_project/res...
pdf
Hirsch, E.D. (1990) Cultural Literacy – What Every American Needs to Know. Houghton and
Mifflen
Iowa 4H Program (2010) Iowa State University.
Online 10.04.10 http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/explore/lifeskills/
Jensen, E. (1995) The Learning Brain, Turning Point Publishing.
Keller, J. (2000) How to integrate learner motivation planning into lesson planning: The ARCS
model approach. Paper presented at VII Semanario, Santiago, Cuba, February, 2000.
Online 20.04.10
http://mailer.fsu.edu/~jkeller/Articles/Keller%202000%20ARCS%20Lesso...
Koedinger, K.R. (2001) Cognitive Tutors as Modelling Tools and Instructional Models, Chapter 5
in Smart Machines in Education, Forbus, K.D. and Feltovich, P.J. (Editors) AAAI Press/MIT
Press
Kozol, J. (2005). The Shame of the Nation: The Restoration of Apartheid Schooling in America.
New York: Crown Publishers.
Leslie, A.N. (1987) Pretense and Representation: The Origins of “Theory of Mind”. Psychological
Review, 1987, Vol 94, No 4,412-416 Online 20.04.10
http://faculty.weber.edu/eamsel/Research%20Groups/Belief%20Contraven...
etense/Leslie%20(1987).pdf
Lakoff, G. and Nunez, R. (2001) Where Mathematics Comes from: How the Embodied Mind
Brings Mathematics into Being. Basic Books.
Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991) Situated Learning: Legitimate peripheral participation.
Cambridge University Press.
Leontiev A.N. (1978) Activity, Consciousness and Personality. Prentice Hall.
Online: 09.04.09 http://www.marxists.org/archive/leontev/works/1978/index.htm
Madden J. (2001) ‘Where mathematics comes from: How the embodied mind brings
mathematics into being’, Notices of the AMS 48(10), 1182-1182.
Online 10.04.10http://64.17.226.144/notices/200110/rev-madden.pdf
Mills, R. Staines, J. and Tabberer, R. (1989) Turtling without Tears: A report of the DTI/MESU
curriculum development project: the benefits associated with the use of floor turtles in the
classroom. National Council for Educational Technology.
Mitchell, D. (1992) An Investigation in to the use of Roamer Turtle in Developing the Spatial
Awaerness of Visually Impaired Children. MA Dissertation, University of Reading.
Muratana, H.R. and Varela F.J (1987) The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human
Understanding. Shambhala.
Mutlu, B. Forlizzi, J. Hodgins, J. (2006) A Storytelling Robot: Modeling and Evaluation of
Human-like Gaze Behavior p 518 – 523, 6th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid
Robots. Online 10.04.10
http://bilgemutlu.com/wp-content/pubs/Mutlu_Humanoids06.pdf
Myers, D.G. (2002) Intuition: Its powers and perils. Yale University Press.
Nardi B.A. Editor (1996) Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory and Human Computer
Interaction. MIT Press
NCTM (2000), Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, National Council for Teachers
of Mathematics.
Papert, S. (1978 and 1980) Poincare and the Mathematical Unconscious in Asthetics in Science
(Judith Wescheler Editor) MIT Press. Reprinted as Epilogues as Mathematical Unconscious in
Mindstrorms, (1980) Basic Books
Papert, S. (1980) Mindstorms: Children, Computers and Powerful Ideas, (p11 and 160) Basic
Books.
Papert, S. (1980a) Mindstorms: Children, Computers and Powerful Ideas, (p63, 68 and 205)
Basic Books.
Papert, S. (1980b) Mindstorms: Children, Computers and Powerful Ideas, (vi - viii) Basic Books.
Papert, S. et al (1971 to 1981), The Logo Memos, MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab
Pfeifer, R. & Scheier, C. (1999). Understanding Intelligence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge
University Press.
Sarralié, C. (2002) The Roamer: an object for readapting in the case of adolescents with a
cranial trauma, Valiant Technology Ltd.
Online 10.04.10 http://www.valiant-technology.com/uk/pages/article_cranialtrauma.php
Schiralli, M. and Sinclair, N. (2003) A Constructive Response to Where Mathematics Comes
from, Education Studies in Mathematics Vol 52, No 1 p79-91
Online 10.04.10. http://www.math.msu.edu/~nathsinc/papers/Response_to_WMCF.pdf
Simons, G. (1986) Is man a robot? John Wiley and Sons.
Sternberg, R.J. Kaufman J.C. and Grigorenko E.L. (2008) Applied Intelligence. Cambridge
University Press.
Stonier, T.T. (1997) Information and Meaning; An Evolutionary Perspective.
Syn, H.N. (1990) Roamer and its Applications for Visually Impaired Children. Microscope, MAPE
Tall, David (2003). Using Technology to Support an Embodied Approach to Learning Concepts
in Mathematics. In L.M. Carvalho and L.C. Guimarães História e Tecnologia no Ensino da
Matemática, vol. 1, pp. 1-28, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Online 10.04.10 http://www.warwick.ac.uk/staff/David.Tall/pdfs/dot2003a-rio-plenary....
Thousand, J.S. and Villa, R. A. (1995) Managing Complex Change Towards Inclusive Schooling.
In Thousand, J.S. and Villa, R. A (1995) Creating an Inclusive School. Association for
Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD).
Turkle, S. Taggart, W. Kidd, C.D. and Daste, O. (2006) Relational Artifacts with children and
elders: the complexities of cybercompaionship. Connection Science Vol. 18 No. 4 p347-361
Online 27.03.10.
http://web.mit.edu/sturkle/www/pdfsforstwebpage/ST_Relational%20Arti...
Turkle, S. Editor (2007) Evocative Objects: Things we think with. MIT Press.
United Nations (2001) United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child Article 29 (1):
The Aims of Education. General Comments CRC/GC/2001/1
Online 20.04.10
http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(symbol)/CRC.GC.2001.1.En?OpenDocument
Valiant Technology (2009) Robot Rally Race. Roamer Activity Library. Accessed 10.12.10.
http://www.valiant-technology.com/uk/pages/activity_search.php
Vygotsky L.S. (1978) Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Process Edited
by Cole, M. John-Steiner, V. Scribner, S. and Souberman, E. Harvard University Press.
Weaver, Constance L. (1991) Young Children Learn Geometric Concepts Using Logo with a
Screen Turtle and a Floor Turtle. ERIC #:ED329430
Wertsch J.V. Editor (1985) Culture, Communication and Cognition: A Vygotskian Perspective
Cambridge University Press
Wingorad, T. and Flores, F. (1986) Understanding Computers and Cognition: A new foundation
for Design. Addison Wesley.
Winnicott, D.W. (1971) Playiing and Reality. Routledge.
Woolf, B.P., Beck, J., Eliot, C. and Stern, M. (2001) Growth and Maturity of Intelligent Tutoring
Systems: A Status Report. Chapter 4 in Smart Machines in Education, Forbus, K.D. and
Feltovich, P.J. (Editors) AAAI Press/MIT Press
Ziemke T. (2001) Are Robots Embodied? Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on
Epigenetic Robots p75-78 Online 10.04.10
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.64.9256&...

Permalink -

https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/item/86q3v/the-principles-of-educational-robotic-applications-era-a-framework-for-understanding-and-developing-educational-robots-and-their-activities

Download files

  • 811
    total views
  • 473
    total downloads
  • 9
    views this month
  • 3
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Creatividad, cultura y education: creativity culture and education
Blamires, M. and Peterson, A. 2013. Creatividad, cultura y education: creativity culture and education. University de Las Tunas.
Dilemmas of enablement: inclusive and special technologies
Blamires, M. 2011. Dilemmas of enablement: inclusive and special technologies. in: Cornwall, J. and Graham-Matheson, L. (ed.) Leading on Inclusion: Dilemmas, Debates and New Perspectives London Routledge. pp. 98-108
El Banco Del Recurso De Entrenamiento De Profesor (TTRB) Y De Orientación Educativa En Inglaterra = The Teacher Training Resource Bank and Initial Teacher Education in England
Blamires, M. 2006. El Banco Del Recurso De Entrenamiento De Profesor (TTRB) Y De Orientación Educativa En Inglaterra = The Teacher Training Resource Bank and Initial Teacher Education in England.
Information Communications Technology (ICT) in the early years: implications for successful implementation
Blamires, M., Reardon, D. and Hammond, S. 2011. Information Communications Technology (ICT) in the early years: implications for successful implementation. Navtika: Journal of Early Childhood Care and Education. 2 (2), pp. 3-14.
I Should CoCo?: The awareness of community cohesion and its utility as a tool for teacher preparation and professional development
Blamires, M., Cameron, D., Kaye, L. and Canterbury Christ Church University 2011. I Should CoCo?: The awareness of community cohesion and its utility as a tool for teacher preparation and professional development.
Enabling technology for inclusion
Blamires, M. 2000. Enabling technology for inclusion.
Professional understanding: implications for the inclusion of learners with autism/asperger syndrome
Blamires, M. 2000. Professional understanding: implications for the inclusion of learners with autism/asperger syndrome.
The teacher training resource bank: a free evidence informed resource for the profession by the profession
Blamires, M. and Lawrence, C. 2007. The teacher training resource bank: a free evidence informed resource for the profession by the profession.
An introduction to writing reviews for the TTRB
Blamires, M., Field, S., Foulds, M. and Jenkins, P. 2007. An introduction to writing reviews for the TTRB.
Towards an educational model for pupils with autism and Asperger's syndrome
Blamires, M. 1997. Towards an educational model for pupils with autism and Asperger's syndrome. in: Fawcus, M. (ed.) Children with Learning Difficulties: A Collaborative Approach to their Education and Management Chichester Wiley.
ICT approaches for specific learning difficulties
Blamires, M. 1999. ICT approaches for specific learning difficulties. in: Tod, J. and Castle, F. (ed.) Individual Education Plans: Dyslexia David Fulton.