Abstract | Introduction: Obesity bias exists in healthcare professionals and students from numerous disciplines and negatively impacts the quality of care, outcomes, engagement, and satisfaction of their patients. With obesity rates continuing to rise in the United Kingdom (UK), more patients will be affected than ever, and it is becoming an increasingly important issue to tackle. This study aims to assess the attitudes to obesity of student diagnostic radiographers and determine if obesity bias exists in this population. Method: Student radiographers (n=140) at a single university in the UK were invited to complete an online survey comprising measures designed to assess levels of bias and attitudes towards obesity, including the Attitude Towards Obese Persons (ATOP) scale. Likert-type scales were used to collect quantitative data, and data analysis included descriptive statistics, frequencies, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: Responses were received from n=38 students. The mean ATOP score for participants was 70.37 (SD=19.26). With 26% (n=10) scoring below 60, demonstrating strong negative attitudes towards obese individuals. Additionally, students (76.3%; n=29) indicated that they observed high levels of obesity bias whilst on clinical placement. There was a statistically significant correlation between levels of weight bias and students’ confidence in working with obese patients (r(36)=0.4, p 0.01). Students who are less confident working with obese patients had higher levels of obesity bias. Conclusions: Obesity bias exists in radiography students at levels comparable to those that have been found previously in other healthcare professionals and students. Furthermore, radiography students lacked confidence in their technical ability to work with obese patients and lower confidence levels were associated with higher levels of obesity bias. Implications for Practice: The findings of this study provide preliminary knowledge upon which future research can be built. |
---|
References | 1. Hu G., Ding J., Ryan DH. Trends in obesity prevalence and cardiometabolic risk factor control in US adults with diabetes, 1999–2020. Obesity 2023;31(3):841–51. Doi: 10.1002/oby.23652. 2. World Health Organisation. Obesity and overweight. Obesity and Overweight. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overwei... [accessed June 19, 2023]. 3. Baker C. Obesity statistics, London; 2023. 4. Puhl RM., Heuer CA. The Stigma of Obesity: A Review and Update. Obesity 2009;17(5):941–64. Doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.636. 5. World Health Organisation. Weight bias and obesity stigma: considerations for the WHO European Region, Copenhagen; 2017. 6. Puhl R., Brownell KD. Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity. Obes Res 2001;9(12):788–805. Doi: 10.1038/oby.2001.108. 7. Latner JD., O’Brien KS., Durso LE., Brinkman LA., MacDonald T. Weighing obesity stigma: the relative strength of different forms of bias. Int J Obes 2008;32(7):1145–52. Doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.53. 8. Flint S. Obesity stigma: Prevalence and impact in healthcare’. British Journal of Obesity 2015;1(1):14–8. 9. Wee CC., Phillips RS., Francis Cook E., Haas JS., Louise Puopolo A., Brennan TA., et al. Influence of body weight on patients’ satisfaction with ambulatory care. J Gen Intern Med 2002;17(2):155–9. Doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.00825.x. 10. Alberga AS., Edache IY., Forhan M., Russell-Mayhew S. Weight bias and health care utilization: a scoping review. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2019;20:e116. Doi: 10.1017/S1463423619000227. 11. Phelan SM., Burgess DJ., Yeazel MW., Hellerstedt WL., Griffin JM., Ryn M. Impact of weight bias and stigma on quality of care and outcomes for patients with obesity. Obesity Reviews 2015;16(4):319–26. Doi: 10.1111/obr.12266. 12. Maskell G. Why does demand for medical imaging keep rising? BMJ 2022:o2614. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.o2614. 13. NHS England. Digital Imaging Dataset Statistical Release, London; 2023. 14. Lawrence BJ., Kerr D., Pollard CM., Theophilus M., Alexander E., Haywood D., et al. Weight bias among health care professionals: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity 2021;29(11):1802–12. Doi: 10.1002/oby.23266. 15. Lacroix E., Alberga A., Russell-Mathew S., McLaren L., von Ranson K. Weight Bias: A Systematic Review of Characteristics and Psychometric Properties of Self-Report Questionnaires. Obes Facts 2017;10(3):223–37. Doi: 10.1159/000475716. 16. Swift JA., Hanlon S., El-Redy L., Puhl RM., Glazebrook C. Weight bias among UK trainee dietitians, doctors, nurses and nutritionists. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2013;26(4):395–402. Doi: 10.1111/jhn.12019. 17. O’Donoghue G., McMahon S., Holt A., Nedai M., Nybo T., Peiris CL. Obesity bias and stigma, attitudes and beliefs among entry-level physiotherapy students in the Republic of Ireland: a cross sectional study. Physiotherapy 2021;112:55–63. Doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.03.016. 18. Modica MJ., Kanal KM., Gunn ML. The Obese Emergency Patient: Imaging Challenges and Solutions. RadioGraphics 2011;31(3):811–23. Doi: 10.1148/rg.313105138. 19. Buckley O., Ward E., Ryan A., Colin W., Snow A., Torreggiani WC. European obesity and the radiology department. What can we do to help? Eur Radiol 2009;19(2):298–309. Doi: 10.1007/s00330-008-1154-z. 20. Aweidah L., Robinson J., Cumming S., Lewis S. Australian diagnostic radiographers’ attitudes and perceptions of imaging obese patients: A study of self, peers and students. Radiography 2016;22(4):e258–63. Doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2016.06.002. 21. Thanh Le NT., Robinson J., Jayne Lewis S. A Study of Student Radiographers’ Learning Experiences in Imaging Obese Patients. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2015;46(3):S61-S68.e1. Doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2015.05.002. 22. Sim J., Wright C. Research in Health Care, Cheltenham: Nelson Thomas Ltd; 2000. 23. Bowling A. RResearch Methods in Health, Investigating Health and Health Services, 4th ed., Berkshire: Open University Press; 2014. 24. Information Commissioner’s Office. Lawful basis for processing. Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Available from: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-... [accessed October 17, 2022]. 25. UK Government. The Data Protection Act 2018: Chapter 2 The GDPR. , England: UK Government; 2018. 26. Information Commissioner’s Office. What is personal data? . Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Available from: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-... [accessed October 17, 2022]. 27. Crandall CS. Prejudice against fat people: Ideology and self-interest. J Pers Soc Psychol 1994;66(5):882–94. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.66.5.882. 28. Puhl RM., Luedicke J., Grilo CM. Obesity bias in training: Attitudes, beliefs, and observations among advanced trainees in professional health disciplines. Obesity 2014;22(4):1008–15. Doi: 10.1002/oby.20637. 29. Allison DB., Basile VC., Yuker HE. The Measurement of Attitudes and Beliefs about Obese Persons. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1991;10(5):599–607. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(199109)10:5%3C599::AID-EAT2260100512%3E3.0.CO;2-%23. 30. Thanh Le NT., Robinson J., Lewis SJ. Obese patients and radiography literature: what do we know about a big issue? J Med Radiat Sci 2015;62(2):132–41. Doi: 10.1002/jmrs.105. 31. Peacock JL., Peacock PJ. Oxford Handbook of Medical Statistics, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2020. 32. Canterbury Christ Church University. Research Ethics Policy , Canterbury; 2023. 33. Wynn T., Islam N., Thompson C., Myint KS. The effect of knowledge on healthcare professionals’ perceptions of obesity. Obes Med 2018;11:20–4. Doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2018.06.006. 34. Vroman K., Cote S. Prejudicial Attitudes Toward Clients Who Are Obese: Measuring Implicit Attitudes of Occupational Therapy Students. Occup Ther Health Care 2011;25(1):77–90. Doi: 10.3109/07380577.2010.533252. 35. Oliver TL., Qi B., Diewald LK., Shenkman R., Kaufmann PG. Development of a weight bias reduction intervention for third‐year nursing students. Clin Obes 2022;12(2). Doi: 10.1111/cob.12498. 36. Moore CH., Oliver TL., Randolph J., Dowdell EB. Interventions for reducing weight bias in healthcare providers: An interprofessional systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clin Obes 2022;12(6). Doi: 10.1111/cob.12545. 37. Wang Q., Cao X., Du T. First-year nursing students’ initial contact with the clinical learning environment: impacts on their empathy levels and perceptions of professional identity. BMC Nurs 2022;21(1):234. Doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-01016-8. |
---|