Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise

Journal article

Edwards, A., Dutton-Challis, L., Cottrell, D., Guy, J. and Hettinga, F. 2018. Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise. British Medical Journal (BMJ) Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 4 (1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000368
AuthorsEdwards, A., Dutton-Challis, L., Cottrell, D., Guy, J. and Hettinga, F.
Abstract

Objective
The positive effect of an audience on performance is anecdotally well known, but the impact of such social facilitation to both performance and the motivation to exercise have not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate verbal encouragement as a means to promote positive behavioural adherence to exercise and augmented performance.

Methods
Twelve untrained but active individuals (seven female), age 24±3 years participated in this study. Exercise conditions with external verbal encouragement (EVE) and without external verbal encouragement (WEVE) were compared in both endurance (20 min) and sprint (2 × 30 s Wingate) cycling tasks in a randomised crossover design. Results were analysed by separate 2 (EVE/WEVE) × 2 (sprint/endurance) within-subjects analyses of variance for each dependent variable. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.

Results
EVE resulted in a significant increase, F (1,11)=15.37, p=0.002, η p 2=0.58 in the average power generated by participants in each exercise bout on the cycle ergometer. EVE also had a significant effect on reported motivation to exercise the next day, F (1,11)=5.5, p=0.04, η p 2 =0.33, which did not differ between type of exercise.

Conclusion
External encouragement in both sprint and endurance activities resulted in large improvements in performance and motivation to continue an exercise regimen the next day, which has important implications for health, adherence and maximising physical performance using a practical intervention.

Year2018
JournalBritish Medical Journal (BMJ) Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
Journal citation4 (1)
PublisherBMJ Publishing Group
ISSN0959-8138
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000368
Publication dates
Print31 Jul 2018
Publication process dates
Deposited21 Aug 2018
Accepted25 Jul 2018
Publisher's version
Output statusPublished
Additional information

Open Access. Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license

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