An investigation into how interventions can help young children's physical development

This thesis aims to investigate how tailored interventions within the Scheme of Work (SOW) can support young children’s physical development (PD); through the creation of a bespoke SOW that enhances both fine motor skills (FMS) and gross motor skills (GMS), core strength, and coordination using movement-based MC interventions. These elements form the key pillars around which the SOW is built, with the goal of enabling children to meet the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) developmental milestones and enhance their overall PD.

Conducted over three academic terms, totalling 19 weeks, the study involved a longitudinal case study design. Interventions within the SOW were implemented and evaluated at six points during this period to assess effectiveness and make adjustments. Data collection included qualitative observations focused on FMS and GMS development. Statistically significant improvements were observed in various aspects of GMS and FMS following the implementation of motor competency interventions within the SOW. Notable improvements were seen in hopping, running, galloping, sliding, dribbling, rolling a ball, climbing, balancing, kicking, catching, and using scissors (p < 0.05). However, no significant improvements were found in the use of cutlery (p > 0.05).

The study underscores the importance of holistic approaches to PD, taking into account individual differences. It highlights the crucial role of educators in providing personalised support to facilitate each child’s progression in PD. Early intervention in PD is emphasised as critical, aligning with researchers like Heckman, Stixrud, and Urzua (2006), who stress the early years as a key period for shaping long-term outcomes.

The findings advocate for strategically planned motor competency interventions, coupled with practitioner observations, to achieve longitudinal improvements in PD. The study recommends nationwide implementation of similar approaches to improve PD outcomes, ensuring children are equipped with the necessary skills to access the Key Stage 1 National Curriculum within the English educational system.