The creation, modification, implementation, and assessment of a hydration education pack. To develop children's and teachers' knowledge and understanding of fluid intake

PhD Thesis


Williamson, J. 2024. The creation, modification, implementation, and assessment of a hydration education pack. To develop children's and teachers' knowledge and understanding of fluid intake. PhD Thesis Canterbury Christ Church University School of Psychology and Life Sciences
AuthorsWilliamson, J.
TypePhD Thesis
Qualification name Doctor of Philosophy
Abstract

Background
Williamson and Howells (2019) found that 46.9% of young children believed they drink <500ml a day. Compounding this, Howells and Coppinger (2020) reported that only 11%
of teachers actively encourage children’s drinking. Therefore, the APPG on a Fit and Health Childhood (Howells, 2020) supported the hypothesis that a hydration education
pack (HEP) could address this gap in knowledge, understanding and support, which this original research investigated.

Methods
Using a three-study-sequential study design to create-modify-implement and assess theHEP, version 1 was created after the literature review. Study 1 interviewed 3 teachers to
modify the HEP to create version 2. Study 2 evaluated each version 2 resource to assess efficacy and impact (45 4-5-year-olds/2 teachers), via pre/post/follow-up questionnaires to inform further modification; creating version 3. Study 3 assessed efficacy and impact of the version 3 HEP via pre/post/follow-up questionnaires with 161 children (4-7-year-olds).Children’s questionnaires were analysed with AVOVA/MANOVA (SPSS). Teachers’ questionnaires were contextually analysed with NVivo.

Results
Study 1 and 2 concluded that the HEP should be implemented via a ‘Water Week’ and separated into two HEPs (4-5-year-olds/5-7-year-olds). Study 3 reported that videos accompanied by learning activities, a reward system, a drinking tracker, and a parent fluid fact sheet, were the most effective resources to support learning of fluid intake. Post-water week, statistically significant improvements (p<0.05), included: health understanding of why we need to drink, hydration/dehydration vocabulary, awareness of permitted drinking times, teacher support, parental support, hypothetically actioning a thirst response, and 5-7-year-olds perception of adequate consumption

Conclusion
This PhD has demonstrated how a HEP can be created and implemented in schools. The HEP water week effectively developed 5-7-year-old children’s and teachers’ knowledge and understanding of fluid. It supported how much-why-when-what children need to drink and who supports children to drink; influenced by increased teacher/parental support, as well as a perception of fluid intake behaviour change; thus aligning with the hypothesis. The future delivery of the HEP (5-7-year-olds) should be accepted by teachers and the APPG (now Cross-Party-Group

Keywords Hydration education pack; Teachers' knowledge and understanding of fluid intake; Children
Year2024
File
File Access Level
Open
Publication process dates
Deposited18 Mar 2025
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https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/item/9q9q7/the-creation-modification-implementation-and-assessment-of-a-hydration-education-pack-to-develop-children-s-and-teachers-knowledge-and-understanding-of-fluid-intake

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