Forensic entomology literature review

Forensic entomology is a rapidly advancing field within forensic science, providing critical insights into post-mortem interval (PMI) estimations and aiding in criminal investigations. Despite its increasing significance, there are still considerable gaps in the understanding of insect colonisation under different conditions, as well as inconsistencies within research methodologies and protocols, all of which limit its broader application. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the historical development of forensic entomology, examines recent advancements, and identifies persistent challenges that hinder the field’s full potential. By addressing these gaps, this paper outlines key areas for future research to enhance the utility and reliability of forensic entomological studies.

This research highlights several issues, including the need for improved insect species identification, inconsistent methodological reporting, and a lack of consideration for environmental factors, which can significantly influence insect activity and subsequent PMI estimations. It is additionally recommended that future studies focus on observing the wider entomofauna, rather than concentrating on insects traditionally considered as forensically significant. This broader perspective has potential to provide a more comprehensive understanding of ecological dynamics and how local and temporal condition affect insect activity.

Improving the current understanding of the processes involved in decomposition and insect succession, including the effects of different cadaver conditions and weather patterns, will directly enhance the applicability of PMI estimations. By refining species identification methods through the incorporation of molecular techniques, standardising insect collection protocols, prioritising thorough scientific reporting, and formulating global and local databases, future research will lead to the development of more reliable forensic methods, enhancing accurate PMI estimations that can aid in criminal proceedings.