The experience of loneliness in women

Introduction: This integrative review aimed to examine the factors related to increased loneliness in women with breast cancer, in order to understand how to support this population and to improve quality of life.

Methodology: Eighteen studies were included in this integrative review and a thematic synthesis was used to explore the results. Results: Themes for the factors related to increased loneliness in women with breast cancer were: Relational difficulties, physical and mental health difficulties, and multiple concomitant difficulties. These factors suggested that, in women with breast cancer, loneliness is: complex, psychologically painful, and disabling. To support women with breast cancer who experience loneliness, the findings of this review suggested that healthcare professionals should: use a holistic approach, offer psychological support and increase understanding and awareness of difficulties.

Discussion: Increased loneliness in women with breast cancer is related to a range of factors that are complex and often occur simultaneously. A holistic approach may be needed to help tackle loneliness in this population. More research is needed to explore loneliness in women with breast cancer from marginalised groups and to understand what loneliness means to individuals across different cultures and populations