Exosomal liquid biopsy in prostate cancer: A systematic review of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response

Journal article

Hamid, Y., Rabbani, R., Afsara, R., Nowrin, Samarea, Ghose, A., Papadopoulos, Vasileios, Sirlantzis, K., Ovsepian, S. and Boussios, S. 2025. Exosomal liquid biopsy in prostate cancer: A systematic review of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 26 (2), p. 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020802
AuthorsHamid, Y., Rabbani, R., Afsara, R., Nowrin, Samarea, Ghose, A., Papadopoulos, Vasileios, Sirlantzis, K., Ovsepian, S. and Boussios, S.
AbstractProstate cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men, often presents challenges in accurate diagnosis and effective monitoring. This systematic review explores the potential of exosomal biomolecules as noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of prostate cancer. A thorough systematic literature search through online public databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science) using structured search terms and screening using predefined eligibility criteria resulted in 137 studies that we analyzed in this systematic review. We evaluated the findings from these clinical studies, revealing that the load of exosomes in the blood and urine of prostate cancer patients, which includes microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, and lipids, demonstrates disease-specific changes. It also shows that some exosomal markers can differentiate between malignant and benign hyperplasia of the prostate, predict disease aggressiveness, and monitor treatment efficacy. Notably, miRNA emerged as the most frequently studied biomolecule, demonstrating superior diagnostic potential compared to traditional methods like prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. The analysis also highlights the pressing need for a standardised analytic approach through multi-centre studies to validate the full potential of exosomal biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer.
KeywordsPrognosis; miRNA; Biomarkers; Prostate cancer; Exosomes; Liquid biopsy; Prostatic neoplasms; Prostate-specific antigen; MicroRNAs; Treatment outcome; Tumor biomarkers
Year2025
JournalInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
Journal citation26 (2), p. 802
PublisherMDPI AG
ISSN1422-0067
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020802
Official URLhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/2/802
Publication dates
Online18 Jan 2025
Print01 Jan 2025
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Deposited09 Apr 2025
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Output statusPublished
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