Frontiers of ovarian carcinosarcoma

Journal article


Ismail, A., Choi, S. and Boussios, S. 2023. Frontiers of ovarian carcinosarcoma. Current Treatment Options in Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-023-01138-4
AuthorsIsmail, A., Choi, S. and Boussios, S.
Abstract

Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS), also known as a malignant mixed Müllerian tumour (MMMT), is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that accounts for less than 5% of ovarian cancers. It is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, with a median overall survival (OS) of less than 2 years. Several factors, including advancing age, nulliparity, reduced lactation rates, decreased use of oral contraceptive pills, genetic mutations in BRCA (breast cancer) genes, and the use of assisted reproductive technology, may increase the risk of OCS. Poor prognostic factors include an advanced stage at diagnosis, older age, lymph node metastasis, suboptimal surgical cytoreduction, the presence of heterologous features on histopathology, and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumour protein p53, and p53 alongside Wilms tumour 1 (WT1). The main treatment approach for OCS is cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy, although immunotherapy is showing promise. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) testing may enhance outcomes by enabling personalized immunotherapy and targeted therapies for specific patient groups, thereby reducing unnecessary side effects and healthcare costs. However, there is currently a lack of standardised treatment regimens for OCS patients, with most studies consisting of case reports and a shortage of suitable comparator groups. This article aims to provide clinicians with information on the epidemiology, risk factors, prognostic factors, and latest therapeutic advancements in OCS.

KeywordsOvarian carcinosarcoma; Malignant mixed Müllerian tumour; Chemotherapy; Cytoreductive surgery; Targeted therapy; Treatment
Year2023
JournalCurrent Treatment Options in Oncology
PublisherSpringer
ISSN1527-2729
1534-627
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-023-01138-4
Official URLhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11864-023-01138-4
Publication dates
Online08 Nov 2023
Publication process dates
Accepted18 Sep 2023
Deposited21 Feb 2024
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Open
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