An investigation in to different factors related to problematic smartphone use

Smartphone use is increasing, and problematic smartphone use (PSU) has frequently been labelled a public health concern. Building upon the vast number of studies exploring the
relationship between different correlates and PSU, many reviews exist exploring how PSU relates to a range of psychological factors. Previously no succinct review existed to help guide researchers/clinicians to make sense of this area or aid theory/intervention development.

A meta-review was undertaken that synthesised reviews exploring correlates of PSU between the years of 2019 – 2022. Sixteen reviews were synthesised into five main themes, sleep, emotional and mental health factors, trait factors, ways of coping and physical activity. There was a consistent positive relationship between PSU and increased emotional and
mental health difficulties, poorer sleep, trait factors (such as insecure attachment), unhelpful ways of coping and reduced levels of physical activity. However, differentmethodological limitations mean some associations should be interpreted cautiously and not generalised to other samples (physical activity or ways of coping).

This meta-review supports the view that different correlates are related to PSU across different themes, countries and, to some extent, populations. Studies sampling older populations that also utilise models used in psychological therapy are recommended for areas of future research.