Biased interpretation in paranoia and its modification

Journal article

George Savulich, Annabel Edwards, Sara Assadi, Husniye Guven, Emily Leathers-Smith, Sukhi Shergill and Jenny Yiend 2020. Biased interpretation in paranoia and its modification. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 69, p. 101575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101575
AuthorsGeorge Savulich, Annabel Edwards, Sara Assadi, Husniye Guven, Emily Leathers-Smith, Sukhi Shergill and Jenny Yiend
Abstract

Background and objectives
Cognitive models of psychosis implicate interpretation biases as one of the mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of symptoms. First we measured the strength of association between interpretation biases and psychosis-relevant traits. Next we manipulated these biases and quantified the effects of doing so on psychosis-relevant outcomes.

Methods
Experiment 1 used two measures of interpretation bias in a healthy sample (n = 70). Experiment 2 used a novel cognitive bias modification procedure (CMB-pa) in individuals with moderate trait paranoia (n = 60).

Results
Experiment 1 revealed that over a third of the variance in interpretation bias could be explained by the combined effect of trait measures of paranoia/psychosis. In Experiment 2, CBM-pa produced training-congruent changes in the interpretation of new ambiguous information and influenced the interpretation, attribution and distress associated with a real-life social event.

Limitations
The potentially confounding effects of elevated anxiety and depression on interpretation bias and the restricted range of outcome measures to assess the wider effects of CBM-pa.

Conclusions
These studies are consistent with interpretation biases contributing to the maintenance of paranoia. CBM-pa could next be adapted and evaluated to test its efficacy as a therapeutic intervention.

KeywordsParanoia; Interpretation bias; Cognitive bias modification; Information processing
Year2020
JournalJournal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
Journal citation69, p. 101575
PublisherElsevier
ISSN0005-7916
1873-7943
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101575
Official URLhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791619300904
Publication dates
Online04 May 2020
Publication process dates
Accepted27 Apr 2020
Deposited19 Jun 2023
Output statusPublished
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André Schmidt, Cathy Davies, Yannis Paloyelis, Nicholas Meyer, Andrea De Micheli, Valentina Ramella-Cravaro, Umberto Provenzani, Yuta Aoki, Grazia Rutigliano, Marco Cappucciati, Dominic Oliver, Silvia Murguia, Fernando Zelaya, Paul Allen, Sukhi Shergill, Paul Morrison, Steve Williams, David Taylor, Stefan Borgwardt, Hidenori Yamasue, Philip McGuire and Paolo Fusar-Poli 2020. Acute oxytocin effects in inferring others' beliefs and social emotions in people at clinical high risk for psychosis. Translational Psychiatry. 10 (203). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00885-4
Real-world effectiveness of admissions to a tertiary treatment-resistant psychosis service: 2-year mirror-image study
Cecilia Casetta, Fiona Gaughran, Ebenezer Oloyede, Juliana Onwumere, Megan Pritchard, Sukhi S. Shergill, Eromona Whiskey and James Hunter MacCabe 2020. Real-world effectiveness of admissions to a tertiary treatment-resistant psychosis service: 2-year mirror-image study. BJPsych Open. 6 (5), p. E82. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.51
Dopamine manipulations drive changes in information sampling in healthy volunteers
Shergill, S. 2019. Dopamine manipulations drive changes in information sampling in healthy volunteers. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 33 (6), pp. 670-677. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118822080
Integrated care in mental health: Next steps after the NHS Long Term Plan
Derek K. Tracy, Kara Hanson, Tom Brown, Adrian J. B. James, Holly Paulsen, Zoé Mulliez and Sukhwinder Shergill 2019. Integrated care in mental health: Next steps after the NHS Long Term Plan. British Journal of Psychiatry. 214 (6), pp. 315-317. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.46
Cognitive correlates of abnormal myelination in psychosis
Lucy D. Vanes, Elias Mouchlianitis, Erica Barry, Krisna Patel, Katie Wong and Sukhwinder S. Shergill. 2019. Cognitive correlates of abnormal myelination in psychosis. Scientific Reports. 9 (5162). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41679-z
Clozapine and cardiotoxicity – A guide for psychiatrists written by cardiologists
Rishi K. Patel, Alice M. Moore, Susan Piper, Mark Sweeney, Eromona Whiskey, Graham Cole, Suhki Shergill and Carla M. Plymen 2019. Clozapine and cardiotoxicity – A guide for psychiatrists written by cardiologists. Psychiatry Research. 282, p. 112491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112491
Understanding and managing cardiac side-effects of second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia
Mark Sweeney, Eromona Whiskey, Rishi K. Patel, Derek K. Tracy, Sukhi S. Shergill and Carla M. Plymen 2019. Understanding and managing cardiac side-effects of second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. BJPsych Advances. 26 (1), pp. 26-40. https://doi.org/10.1192/bja.2019.49
Real-world outcomes in the management of refractory psychosis
Amir Krivoy, Dan Joyce, Derek Tracy, Fiona Gaughran, James MacCabe, John Lally, Eromona Whiskey, S. Neil Sarkar and Sukhwinder S. Shergill 2019. Real-world outcomes in the management of refractory psychosis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 80 (5), p. 18m12716. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.18m12716
Neural correlates of positive and negative symptoms through the illness course: an fMRI study in early psychosis and chronic schizophrenia
Lucy D. Vanes, Elias Mouchlianitis, Krisna Patel, Erica Barry, Katie Wong, Megan Thomas, Timea Szentgyorgyi, Dan Joyce and Sukhwinder Shergill 2019. Neural correlates of positive and negative symptoms through the illness course: an fMRI study in early psychosis and chronic schizophrenia. Scientific Reports. 9, p. 14444. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51023-0
Girls-boys: an investigation of gender differences in the behavioral and neural mechanisms of trust and reciprocity in adolescence
Imke L. J. Lemmers-Jansen, Anne-Kathrin J. Fett, Sukhi Shergill, Marlieke T. R. van Kesteren and Lydia Krabbendam 2017. Girls-boys: an investigation of gender differences in the behavioral and neural mechanisms of trust and reciprocity in adolescence. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 13 (257).