The value of case reports in diagnostic radiography

Objective: This paper sought to explore the value of case reports in diagnostic radiography with
regards to current usage, relevance to evidence-based radiography, and educational benefits.

Key findings: Case reports are short accounts of novel pathologies, trauma or treatment with a critical review of relevant literature. Examples within diagnostic radiography include the appearances of COVID-19 alongside examination-level scenarios involving image artefacts, equipment failure and patient incidents in radiology. With greatest risk of bias and lowest generalisability, they are considered as lowquality evidence with generally poor citation rates. Despite this, there are examples of significant discoveries or developments initiated with case reports with important patient care implications. Furthermore, they offer educational development for both reader and author alike. Whereas the former learns about an unusual clinical scenario, the latter develops scholarly writing skills, reflective practice and may generate further, more complex, research. Radiography-specific case reports could capture the diverse imaging skills and technological expertise currently under-represented in traditional case reports. Potential avenues for cases are broad and may include any imaging modality where patient care or safety of other persons may illicit a teaching point. This encapsulates all stages of the imaging process, before, during and after patient interaction.

Conclusion: Despite being low-quality evidence, case reports contribute to evidence-based radiography, add to the knowledge base, and foster a research culture. However, this is contingent upon rigorous peerreview and adherence to ethical treatment of patient data.

Implications for practice: With the drive to increase research engagement and output at all levels in radiography (student to consultant), case reports may act as a realistic grasseroot activity for a burdened workforce with limited time and resources.