Evaluation of susceptibility status of Phlebotomus papatasi, the main vector of zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, to different WHO recommended insecticides in an endemic focus, Central Iran

Journal article

Zahra Saeidi, Hassan Vatandoost, Morteza Zaim, Reza Ahmadkhaniha, Yavar Rassi, Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani, Mohammad Hossein Arandian, Reza Jafari, Galani Yamdeu, J., Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi and Amir Ahmad Akhavan 2022. Evaluation of susceptibility status of Phlebotomus papatasi, the main vector of zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, to different WHO recommended insecticides in an endemic focus, Central Iran. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases. 15 (4), pp. 366-379. https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i4.10501
AuthorsZahra Saeidi, Hassan Vatandoost, Morteza Zaim, Reza Ahmadkhaniha, Yavar Rassi, Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani, Mohammad Hossein Arandian, Reza Jafari, Galani Yamdeu, J., Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi and Amir Ahmad Akhavan
Abstract

Background: Among neglected zoonotic diseases, leishmaniases caused by Leishmania parasite through infected female sand fly bite, are a group of diseases found in 98 countries and territories representing a critical burden of disease worldwide. Vector management plays a crucial role in reducing the burden of vector-borne diseases by WHO’s global plan. The objective of the current study was to assess the susceptibility status of wild phlebotomine sand flies from Esfahan Prov- ince, central Iran, to the recommended insecticides by WHO.

Methods: Sand flies were collected by mouth aspirator in Matin Abad desert Eco-resort and were tested using WHO adult mosquito test kit against Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) 4%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Malathion 5% and Propoxur 0.1%. The number of knockdown sand flies were recorded during exposure time in ten minutes interval for DDT and Deltamethrin and they were allowed to recover for 24 hours. Knockdown Time50 (KD50) and KD90 were generated for them using Probit software. They were mounted and identified by valid keys.

Results: Among the tested insecticides against female Phlebotomus papatasi, DDT, Deltame- thrin, and Malathion recorded the highest mortality rate of 100%, followed by Propoxur with 92.2% mortality for a one-hour exposure. For DDT, KD50 and KD90 were calculated 21.87 and 42.93 and for Deltamethrin, they were 23.74 and 56.50 minutes respectively. Total sand flies ex-posed with DDT and Deltamethrin shed their leg(s).

Conclusion: It is concluded that Ph. papatasi from central Iran is susceptible to DDT, Deltame- thrin, Malathion, and Propoxur.

KeywordsPhlebotomus papatasi; Insecticide susceptibility ; Iran
Year2022
JournalJournal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases
Journal citation15 (4), pp. 366-379
PublisherTehran University of Medical Sciences
ISSN2322-1984
2322-2271
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i4.10501
Official URLhttps://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1463
Publication dates
OnlineDec 2021
Print03 Sep 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted01 Nov 2021
Deposited05 Oct 2022
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Permalink -

https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/item/92qv8/evaluation-of-susceptibility-status-of-phlebotomus-papatasi-the-main-vector-of-zoonotic-cutaneous-leishmaniasis-to-different-who-recommended-insecticides-in-an-endemic-focus-central-iran

Download files

Publisher's version
Saeidi et al., 2022-Evaluation Susceptibility Phlebotomus papatasi to insecticides Iran.pdf
License: CC BY-NC 4.0
File access level: Open

  • 69
    total views
  • 30
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Stakeholder-driven transformative adaptation is needed for climate-smart nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa.
Jennings, S., Challinor, A., Smith, P., Macdiarmid, Jennie I., Pope, E., Chapman, S., Bradshaw, Catherine, Clark, Heather, Vetter, S., Fitton, Nuala, King, R., Mwamakamba, Sithembile, Madzivhandila, Tshilidzi, Mashingaidze, Ian, Chomba, Christian, Nawiko, Masiye, Nyhodo, Bonani, Mazibuko, Ndumiso, Yeki, Precious, Kuwali, Pamela, Kambwiri, Alfred, Kazi, Vivian, Kiama, Agatha, Songole, Abel, Coskeran, H., Quinn, C., Sallu, S., Dougill, Andrew, Whitfield, S., Kunin, Bill, Meebelo, Nalishebo, Jamali, Andrew, Kantande, Dhaquirs, Makundi, Prosper, Mbungu, W., Kayula, Frank, Walker, Sue, Zimba, S., Galani Yamdeu, J., Kapulu, Ndashe, Galdos, Marcelo Valadares, Eze, Samuel, Tripathi, Hemant, Sait, Steven, Kepinski, S., Likoya, Emmanuel, Greathead, H., Smith, H., Mahop, Marcelin Tonye, Harwatt, Helen, Muzammil, Maliha, Horgan, G. and Benton, T. 2024. Stakeholder-driven transformative adaptation is needed for climate-smart nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa. Nature food. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-00988-x
Fortification of dough with moringa, coriander, and amaranth improves the nutritional composition, health-benefiting properties, and sensory attributes of Nigerian wheat bread.
Oyinloye, P O, Ajala, A S, Asogwa, N T and Galani Yamdeu, J. 2023. Fortification of dough with moringa, coriander, and amaranth improves the nutritional composition, health-benefiting properties, and sensory attributes of Nigerian wheat bread. Food Science & Nutrition. 12 (1), pp. 615-626. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3753
Written evidence submitted by Canterbury Christ Church University (SH0097) to the House of Commons Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee on Soil health. First Report of Session 2023–24, HC 245.
Rintoul-Hynes, N., Galani Yamdeu, J., Sollen-Norrlin, M. and Ferguson, C. 2023. Written evidence submitted by Canterbury Christ Church University (SH0097) to the House of Commons Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee on Soil health. First Report of Session 2023–24, HC 245. UK Parliament.
Adsorption of aflatoxin B1 to corn by-products
Liu, Yue, Xia, Lei, Galani Yamdeu, Joseph, Gong, Yun Yun and Orfila, Caroline 2023. Adsorption of aflatoxin B1 to corn by-products. Food Chemistry. 440, p. 138212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138212
Genetic divergence in common bean genotypes from the IRAD gene bank: morpho-agronomic characteristics, fungal and bacterial disease resistance, and opportunities for genetic improvement
Kouam E. B., Djeugap-Fovo J., Meka-Sindje S., Afsah N.M.M., Meyia A., Babagnack B.F., Nouteka N.K.J. and Galani-Yamdeu J. H. 2023. Genetic divergence in common bean genotypes from the IRAD gene bank: morpho-agronomic characteristics, fungal and bacterial disease resistance, and opportunities for genetic improvement. Frontiers in Horticulture. 2, p. 1289646. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2023.1289646
Field efficacy of aqueous extracts of Artemisia annua, Commelina benghalensis and Euphorbia hirta on rice growth, yield and brown spot disease incidence
Djeugap, J.F., Mbatkam, B., Sonkoue, A.M., Dida, S.L., Galani Y.J.H, Mbi, C., Lapa, M. and Anchang, K.Y. 2023. Field efficacy of aqueous extracts of Artemisia annua, Commelina benghalensis and Euphorbia hirta on rice growth, yield and brown spot disease incidence. Agriculture and Natural Resources. 57 (3), p. 417–426. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.anres.2023.57.3.06
Chemical composition, antifungal properties and seed treatment potential of essential oil fractions of Callistemon citrinus against two seed-borne fungi of rice: Alternaria padwickii and Bipolaris oryzae
J. B. Dongmo Lekagne, F. R. Fouelefack, C. Dakole Daboy, Y. J. H. Galani, D. Fotio & J. Nguefack, J. B. Dongmo Lekagne, F. R. Fouelefack, C. Dakole Daboy, Galani Yamdeu, J., D. Fotio and J. Nguefack 2023. Chemical composition, antifungal properties and seed treatment potential of essential oil fractions of Callistemon citrinus against two seed-borne fungi of rice: Alternaria padwickii and Bipolaris oryzae. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00756-2
State of the art of yam production
Abukari Wumbei, Sopkoutie Kengni Nerlus Gautier, Joseph Kwowura Kwodaga, Djeugap Fovo Joseph and Yamdeu Joseph Hubert Galani 2022. State of the art of yam production. in: Prashant Kaushik (ed.) Root Vegetables [Working Title] London Intech Open.
Interventions to reduce pesticide exposure from the agricultural sector in Africa: A workshop report
Röösli, M., Fuhrimann, S., Atuhaire, Aggrey, Rother, H., Dabrowski, J., Eskenazi, Brenda, Jørs, Erik, Jepson, Paul C., London, L., Naidoo, Saloshni, Rohlman, D., Saunyama, Ivy, Joode, B., Adeleye, A., Alagbo, O, Aliaj, Dem, Azanaw, J., Beerappa, Ravichandran, Brugger, C., Chaiklieng, S., Chetty-Mhlanga, Shala, Chitra, G., Dhananjayan, V., Enyoh, C., Ejomah, Afure, Galani, J., Hogarh, Jonathan N., Ihedioha, J., Ingabire, J, Isgren, Ellinor, Loko, Y., Maree, L., Metou’ou Ernest, Nkoum, Moda, H., Mubiru, E., Mwema, Mwema Felix, Ndagire, Immaculate, Olutona, Godwin O., Otieno, Peter, Paguirigan, J., Quansah, Reginald, Solomon, S., Sosan, M., Ssemugabo, C., Sulaiman, M., Teklu, Berhan M., Tongo, I., Uyi, O., Cueva-Vásquez, H., Veludo, A., Viglietti, Paola and Dalvie, M. 2022. Interventions to reduce pesticide exposure from the agricultural sector in Africa: A workshop report. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 (15), p. 8973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158973
A new integrated assessment framework for climate-smart nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa: the integrated Future Estimator for Emissions and Diets (iFEED)
Stewart Jennings, Andrew J Challinor,, Pete Smith, Jennie Macdiarmid, Edward Pope, Sarah Chapman, Catherine Bradshaw, Heather Clark, Sylvia Vetter, Nuala Fitton, Richard King, Sithembile Mwamakamba,, Tshilidzi Madzivhandila, Ian Mashingaidze, Christian Chomba, Masiye Nawiko, Bonani Nyhodo, Ndumiso Mazibuko, Precious Yeki, Pamela Kuwali, Alfred Kambwiri, Vivian Kazi, Agatha Kiama, Abel Songole,, Helen Coskeran, Claire Quinn, Susannah Mary Sallu, Andrew John Dougill, Stephen Whitfield, Bill Kunin, Nalishebo Meebelo,, Andrew Jamali, Dhaquirs Kantande, Winfred Mbungu, Frank Kayula, Sue Walker,, Sibongile Zimba, Joseph Hubert Galani Yamdeu, Ndashe Philemon Kapulu, Marcelo Valadares Galdos,, Samuel Eze, Hemant Tripathi Tripathi, Steven M Sait,, Stephan Kepinski, Emmanuel Likoya, Henry Michael Greathead, Harriet Elizabeth Smith,, Marcelin Tonye Mahop, Helen Harwatt, Maliha Muzammil, Graham Horgan and Tim Benton 2022. A new integrated assessment framework for climate-smart nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa: the integrated Future Estimator for Emissions and Diets (iFEED). Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 6, p. 868189. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.868189
Climate-smart agriculture and trade-offs with biodiversity and crop yield
Tripathi, HG, Kunin, WE, Smith, HE, Sallu, SM, Maurice, S, Machera, SD, Davies, R, Florence, M, Eze, S, Galani Yamdeu, HJ and Sait, SM 2022. Climate-smart agriculture and trade-offs with biodiversity and crop yield. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 6, p. 868870. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.868870
Effects of combined abiotic stresses on nutrient content of European wheat and implications for nutritional security under climate change
Yamdeu Joseph Hubert Galani, Emilie Marie Øst Hansen, Ioannis Droutsas, Melvin Holmes, Andrew Juan Challinor, Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen and Caroline Orfila 2022. Effects of combined abiotic stresses on nutrient content of European wheat and implications for nutritional security under climate change. Scientific Reports. 12, p. 5700. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09538-6
Conservation agriculture affects grain and nutrient yields of Maize (Zea Mays L.) and can impact food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa
Joseph Hubert Galani Yamdeu, Ivy S. Ligowe, Martin Kieffer, Donwell Kamalongo, Alfred Mexon Kambwiri, Pamela Kuwali, Christian Thierfelder, Andrew J. Dougill, Yun Yun Gong and Caroline Orfila 2022. Conservation agriculture affects grain and nutrient yields of Maize (Zea Mays L.) and can impact food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.804663/full
Effect of aqueous extract of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) and soil amendment with cassava peels compost on nutrients, pesticide residues, yield and antioxidant properties of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
J. Nguefack, D. Onguene, J.B. Dongmo Lekagne, C. Dakole Daboy, G. Ndonkeu Mangoumou and J. Galani Yamdeu 2022. Effect of aqueous extract of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) and soil amendment with cassava peels compost on nutrients, pesticide residues, yield and antioxidant properties of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Scientia Horticulturae. 295, p. 110872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110872
Green extraction of polyphenols from citrus peel by-products and their antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus
Yue Liu, Meryem Benohoud, Joseph Hubert Galani Yamdeu, Yun Yun Gong and Caroline Orfila 2021. Green extraction of polyphenols from citrus peel by-products and their antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus. Food Chemistry: X. 12, p. 1001444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100144
Phytosanitary practices and evaluation of 17 pesticides residues in tomatoes fruits produced in Foumbot District Western Highland-Cameroon
Sopkoutie NGK, Abdulai AN, Tarla DN, Djeugap FJ, Galani Yamdeu JH, Ekengoue CM, Tabang WM, Nya E and Payne VK 2021. Phytosanitary practices and evaluation of 17 pesticides residues in tomatoes fruits produced in Foumbot District Western Highland-Cameroon. European Scientific Journal. 17 (3). https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n3p30
Contamination of foods from Cameroon with residues of 20 halogenated pesticides, and health risk of adult human dietary exposure
Joseph Galani Yamdeu, Michael Houbraken, Abukari Wumbei, Joseph Fovo Djeugap, Daniel Fotio, Yun Yun Gong and Pieter Spanoghe 2021. Contamination of foods from Cameroon with residues of 20 halogenated pesticides, and health risk of adult human dietary exposure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Monitoring and dietary risk assessment of 81 pesticide residues in 11 local agricultural products from the 3 largest cities of Cameroon
Galani Yamdeu, J.H., Houbraken, M., Wumbei, A., Djeugap, J.F., Fotio, D., Gong, Y.Y. and Spanoghe, P. 2020. Monitoring and dietary risk assessment of 81 pesticide residues in 11 local agricultural products from the 3 largest cities of Cameroon. Food Control. 118, p. 107416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107416
Grain morphological characterization and protein content of sixty-eight local rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars from Cameroon
Joseph Hubert Galani Yamdeu, Marlyn Njimeni Tchuisse, Eddy Leonard Magaptche Ngonkeu, Dorothy K. Malaa, Honore Tekeu, Thomas Mballa, Akindeh Nji and Thaddee Boudjeko 2020. Grain morphological characterization and protein content of sixty-eight local rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars from Cameroon. African Journal of Plant Science. 14 (1), pp. 24-35. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2019.1921
A review of postharvest approaches to reduce fungal and mycotoxin contamination of foods
Yue Liu, Joseph Hubert Galani Yamdeu, Yun Yun Gong and Caroline Orfila 2020. A review of postharvest approaches to reduce fungal and mycotoxin contamination of foods. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 19 (4), pp. 1521-1560. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12562
A review of micronutrient deficiencies and analysis of maize contribution to nutrient requirements of women and children in Eastern and Southern Africa
Galani Yamdeu, J. 2020. A review of micronutrient deficiencies and analysis of maize contribution to nutrient requirements of women and children in Eastern and Southern Africa. Critical Reviews in Food Sciences and Nutrition. 62 (6), pp. 1568-1591. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1844636
Comparison of electrospray and UniSpray, a novel atmospheric pressure ionization interface, for LC-MS/MS analysis of 81 pesticide residues in food and water matrices
Joseph Hubert Galani Yamdeu, Michael Houbraken, Marijn Van Hulle and Pieter Spanoghe 2019. Comparison of electrospray and UniSpray, a novel atmospheric pressure ionization interface, for LC-MS/MS analysis of 81 pesticide residues in food and water matrices. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01886-z
Evaluation of 99 pesticide residues in major agricultural products from the Western Highlands zone of Cameroon using QuECHERS method extraction and LC-MS/MS and GC-ECD analyses
Galani Yamdeu, J., Houbraken, M., Wumbei, A., Djeugap, J.F., Fotio, D. and Spanoghe, P. 2018. Evaluation of 99 pesticide residues in major agricultural products from the Western Highlands zone of Cameroon using QuECHERS method extraction and LC-MS/MS and GC-ECD analyses. Foods. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7110184
Effect of storage temperature on Vitamin C, total phenolics, UPLC phenolic acid profile and antioxidant capacity of eleven potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties
Joseph H, Galani Yamdeu, J., Pooja M. Mankad, Avadh K. Shah, Nilesh J. Patel, Rajeshkumar R. Acharya and Jayant G. Talatib 2017. Effect of storage temperature on Vitamin C, total phenolics, UPLC phenolic acid profile and antioxidant capacity of eleven potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties. Horticultural Plant Journal. 3 (2), pp. 73-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2017.07.004
Storage of fruits and vegetables in refrigerator increases their phenolic acids but decreases the total phenolics, anthocyanins and Vitamin C with subsequent loss of their antioxidant capacity
Joseph H. Galani Yamdeu, Jalpesh S. Patel, Nilesh J. Patel and Jayant G. Talati 2017. Storage of fruits and vegetables in refrigerator increases their phenolic acids but decreases the total phenolics, anthocyanins and Vitamin C with subsequent loss of their antioxidant capacity. Antioxidants. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox6030059
Morphological and molecular identification of pathogenic fungi of Monodora myristica Dunal kernels and their response to different phytoextracts
Joseph Djeugap Fovo, Cyril Akoula Nzong, Kyalo Martina, Patrick Njukeng Achiangia, Joseph Hubert Galani Yamdeu, Jules-Roger Kuiate and Sita Ghimire 2017. Morphological and molecular identification of pathogenic fungi of Monodora myristica Dunal kernels and their response to different phytoextracts. International Journal of Advance Agricultural Research. 2017 (5), pp. 66-75.
Acrylamide-forming potential of cereals, legumes and roots and tubers analyzed by UPLC-UV
Galani Yamdeu, J., Patel, N.J. and Talati, J. G. 2017. Acrylamide-forming potential of cereals, legumes and roots and tubers analyzed by UPLC-UV. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 108 (A), pp. 244-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.011
Antifungal potential of essential oils, aqueous and ethanol extracts of thirteen plants against Fusarium oxysporum f . sp Lycopersici and Phytophtora infestans (Mont.) de Bary as major tomato pathogens
Dakole, D. C., Nguefack, J., Dongmo, L. J. B., Galani Yamdeu, J., Aza, U. R.,, Somda, I. and Amvam, Z. P. 2016. Antifungal potential of essential oils, aqueous and ethanol extracts of thirteen plants against Fusarium oxysporum f . sp Lycopersici and Phytophtora infestans (Mont.) de Bary as major tomato pathogens. International Journal of Current Science. 19 (2), pp. 128-145.
Effect of storage temperature on carbohydrate metabolism and development of cold-induced sweetening in Indian potato ( Solanum Tuberosum L.) varieties
Joseph H. Galani Yamdeu, Pooja H. Gupta, Nilesh J. Patel, Avadh K. Shah and Jayant G. Talati 2016. Effect of storage temperature on carbohydrate metabolism and development of cold-induced sweetening in Indian potato ( Solanum Tuberosum L.) varieties. Journal of Food Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12190
Seed storage proteins as a protein marker for identification and characterization of QPM and normal maize inbred lines
Pooja H. Gupta, Yamedu Galani Joseph Hubert, Mounil C. Mankad and Jayant G. Talati 2015. Seed storage proteins as a protein marker for identification and characterization of QPM and normal maize inbred lines. Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 21 (4), pp. 1855-1864.
Molecular characterization of Indian potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties for cold-induced sweetening using SSR markers
Galani Yamdeu Joseph Hubert, Pooja H. Gupta, Nilesh J. Patel, Avadh K. Shah, Rajeshkumar R. Acharya and Jayantkumar G. Talati 2015. Molecular characterization of Indian potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties for cold-induced sweetening using SSR markers. Journal of Plant Sciences. 3 (4), pp. 191-196. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20150304.14
Profiling of StvacINV1, BAM1 and INH2α expressions in relation to acid invertase and β-Amylase activities during development of cold-induced sweetening in Indian potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers
Joseph H. Galani Yamdeu, Pooja H. Gupta, Avadh K. Shah, Nilesh J. Patel and Jayantkumar G. Talati 2015. Profiling of StvacINV1, BAM1 and INH2α expressions in relation to acid invertase and β-Amylase activities during development of cold-induced sweetening in Indian potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. American Journal of Potato Research. 92, pp. 603-608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9473-5
Antifungal potential of extracts from four plants against Acremonium apii and Colletotrichum dematium, two major pathogens of celery (Apium graveolens L.) in Cameroon
Petchayo, T. S.,, Nguefack, J., Galani Yamdeu, J., Fouelefack, F. R., Dakole, D. C., Fotio, D. and Amvam, Z. P. H. 2013. Antifungal potential of extracts from four plants against Acremonium apii and Colletotrichum dematium, two major pathogens of celery (Apium graveolens L.) in Cameroon. International Journal of Current Science. 8, pp. 115-124.
Antifungal potential and phytochemical analysis of extracts from seven Cameroonian plants against late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans
Galani Yamdeu Joseph Hubert, Nguefack Julienne, Dakole Daboy Charles, Fotio Daniel, Petchayo Tigang Sandrine, Fouelefack Francois Romain and Amvam ZolloPaul Henry 2013. Antifungal potential and phytochemical analysis of extracts from seven Cameroonian plants against late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. 2 (5), pp. 140-154.
Antifungal potential of extracts from three plants against two major pathogens of celery (apium graveolens l.) in Cameroon
Ndonkeu Mangoumou Ghislaine, Nguefack Julienne, Galani Yamdeu Joseph Hubert, Petchayo Tigang Sandrine and Amvam Zollo Paul Henry 2013. Antifungal potential of extracts from three plants against two major pathogens of celery (apium graveolens l.) in Cameroon. International Journal of Current Research. 5 (12), pp. 4091-4096.