Climate-smart agriculture and trade-offs with biodiversity and crop yield

Journal article

Tripathi, HG, Kunin, WE, Smith, HE, Sallu, SM, Maurice, S, Machera, SD, Davies, R, Florence, M, Eze, S, Galani Yamdeu, HJ and Sait, SM 2022. Climate-smart agriculture and trade-offs with biodiversity and crop yield. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 6, p. 868870. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.868870
AuthorsTripathi, HG, Kunin, WE, Smith, HE, Sallu, SM, Maurice, S, Machera, SD, Davies, R, Florence, M, Eze, S, Galani Yamdeu, HJ and Sait, SM
Abstract

Biophysical evaluations of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) often overlook the potential interactions with and implications for biodiversity and ecosystem services, which are important determinants of food system resilience and sustainability. Drawing on a case study in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, we compare the impacts of CSA with other agricultural management practices on invertebrate pest and natural enemy diversity, and the associated effects on crop damage and crop yield. We found that the most common CSA practices in the region, terracing and trenching with live and compost mulches, provided the best outcomes for crop production, pest suppression and agricultural income. However, greater diversity of pests was observed when neighboring fields planted improved crop varieties, suggesting that the use of improved varieties by farmers creates increased vulnerability to pest damage among neighboring farmers that used local varieties. Also, greater natural enemy diversity was found when neighboring fields were either intercropped or left fallow highlighting spatial flows of ecosystem services between fields. Landcover heterogeneity was positively correlated with pest diversity, whilst landcover richness was positively associated with higher pest volume, highlighting the importance of landscape characteristics in pest and natural enemy dynamics. Finally, we found that crop damage was most severe when pest communities had low species richness, suggesting that a small number of key crop pests contribute to most yield losses. Our findings illustrate that those varied combinations of agricultural management practices lead to heterogeneous biodiversity outcomes and trade-offs, and highlight the importance of local management, neighborhood effects and landscape characteristics. CSA evaluations must therefore look beyond productivity as a measure for success, as trade-offs with invertebrate biodiversity, food production, and environmental sustainability often interact and feedback in complex and unexpected ways.

KeywordsCrop pests; Natural enemies; Food security; Neighbourhood effects; East Usambara Mountains; Tanzania; Africa
Year2022
JournalFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
Journal citation6, p. 868870
PublisherFrontiers
ISSN2571-581X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.868870
Official URLhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.868870/full
FunderBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
Publication dates
Print24 Jun 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted16 May 2022
Deposited28 Jun 2022
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Open
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