Contamination of foods from Cameroon with residues of 20 halogenated pesticides, and health risk of adult human dietary exposure

Journal article

Joseph Galani Yamdeu, Michael Houbraken, Abukari Wumbei, Joseph Fovo Djeugap, Daniel Fotio, Yun Yun Gong and Pieter Spanoghe 2021. Contamination of foods from Cameroon with residues of 20 halogenated pesticides, and health risk of adult human dietary exposure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
AuthorsJoseph Galani Yamdeu, Michael Houbraken, Abukari Wumbei, Joseph Fovo Djeugap, Daniel Fotio, Yun Yun Gong and Pieter Spanoghe
Abstract

(1) Background: Halogenated pesticides are abundantly used in Cameroon, but there is no information on the health risk of consumers from exposure to their residues in foods. (2) Methods: Residues of 20 halogenated pesticides were determined in 11 agricultural products collected in the 3 largest cities of Cameroon using QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and health risk from dietary exposure was assessed. (3) Results: Organochlorines pesticides aldrin, p,p’-dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) found in 85.0%, 81.9% and 72.5% of samples, respectively, were the most frequently detected. The highest average concentrations of residues were 1.12, 0.74 and 0.39 mg/kg for methoxychlor, alachlor and β-HCH, respectively, found in chilli pepper. Chili pepper (58.9%), cowpea (56.8%), black beans (56.5%) and kidney beans (54.0%) exhibited the highest residue occurrences. Levels above the European Union maximum residue limits (MRLs) were found for all the 20 pesticides, in 40.1% of the positive analyses, and the food samples contained 14 pesticides banned in Cameroon. Chronic, acute, cumulative and carcinogenic risk assessments revealed that lifetime consumption of maize, black beans, kidney beans, groundnuts and chili pepper contaminated with aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, HCB, heptachlor, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE and β-HCH, could pose health risks. (4) Conclusion: These results show that there is an urgent need of pesticide usage regulation, effective application of pesticide bans and management of obsolete pesticide stocks in Cameroon.

KeywordsFood safety; POPs; Organochlorine; Pesticide residues; Risk assessment; Cameroon
Year2021
JournalInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
PublisherMDPI
ISSN1660-4601
Official URLhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/9/5043
Publication dates
Online10 May 2021
Publication process dates
Accepted07 May 2021
Deposited24 Feb 2022
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https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/item/907z7/contamination-of-foods-from-cameroon-with-residues-of-20-halogenated-pesticides-and-health-risk-of-adult-human-dietary-exposure

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