"My heart on this bit of paper": A grounded theory of the mechanisms of change in art therapy for military veterans.

Journal article

Schnitzer, Gabriel, Holttum, Sue and Huet, Val 2021. "My heart on this bit of paper": A grounded theory of the mechanisms of change in art therapy for military veterans. Journal of Affective Disorders. 297, pp. 327-337. https://doi.org/S0165-0327(21)01134-4
AuthorsSchnitzer, Gabriel, Holttum, Sue and Huet, Val
AbstractA proportion of veterans experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research has shown reduced effectiveness of commonly offered psychotherapies in military personnel. Some research suggested the usefulness of art therapy for veterans with PTSD, but its mechanism of operation has been unclear. The current project aimed to establish participants' perceptions of any impact of group art therapy and some of the perceived mechanisms of change. In a grounded theory design, single semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine veterans who had received group art therapy, two art therapists, and a veteran's wife. Interviews were transcribed and analysed. Theorised categories included (a) art therapy group as "the family", (b) "the gentle conductor", (c) trust, (d) doing the work, (e) art therapy as "a communication tool", (f) "points of recognition", (g) "making things concrete", and (h) "not a cure". Shortcomings included a homogenous sample who all attended art therapy alongside other interventions, reliance on subjective and unmeasured symptom change, and researcher effects related to qualitative methodology. The developed grounded theory is consistent with existing evidence and neuropsychological theory. Group art therapy may enable some veterans to prepare for verbal-only therapy, by offering a safe space in which to approach non-verbal traumatic and trauma-related contextual material in a controlled way. Artworks may provide a bridge to facilitate communication of experiences within subsequent verbal therapy and with loved-ones. It is suggested to replicate the project at different sites. Elements of the developed theory may be investigated further to establish its transferability. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.]
KeywordsActive ingredients; Art therapy; Grounded theory; Mechanisms of change; Military veterans; PTSD
Year2021
JournalJournal of Affective Disorders
Journal citation297, pp. 327-337
PublisherElsevier
ISSN1573-2517
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/S0165-0327(21)01134-4
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.049
Official URLhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032721011344?via%3Dihub
Publication dates
Online26 Oct 2021
Print15 Jan 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted23 Oct 2021
Deposited25 Nov 2021
Accepted author manuscript
License
Output statusPublished
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