The role of apoptosis in cryopreserved animal oocytes and embryos

Journal article

Vining, Lucy May, Zak, Louisa J, Harvey, Simon Crawford and Harvey, K. 2021. The role of apoptosis in cryopreserved animal oocytes and embryos. Theriogenology. 173, pp. 93-101. https://doi.org/S0093-691X(21)00242-9

Publication dates
Authors	Vining, Lucy May, Zak, Louisa J, Harvey, Simon Crawford and Harvey, K.
Abstract	Cryopreservation of both gametes and embryos, both for storage and for the preservation of their developmental capacity is a critical aspect of assisted reproductive technology. The survival of reproductive material following cryopreservation protocols is not only vital to clinical applications in the human in vitro fertilisation clinic, but is also important in the in vitro production of livestock embryos. The ability to routinely cryopreserve oocytes and embryos of livestock species has the potential to improve animal welfare, reduce environmental impact, and reduce the associated costs for breeding companies through the reduction of live animal transportation. Unfortunately, frozen oocytes and embryos are regularly documented to contain a higher proportion of apoptotic cells compared to their non-frozen counterparts, with freezing procedures thought to trigger apoptotic pathways of cell death. Comparisons between frozen and non-frozen samples also show changes in the gene expression of apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 and Bax in response to cryopreservation. Apoptotic inhibition has the potential to improve cryosurvival, and how to achieve this is subject to debate. Here, we review how exposure to low temperatures during cryopreservation may be responsible for the abnormal activation of apoptotic pathways in mammalian oocytes and embryos, and discuss the ways in which they can be influenced to improve cryopreservation protocols, particularly in agriculturally important species. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.]
Keywords	Apoptosis; Cryopreservation; Bovine; Cell death; Porcine
Year	2021
Journal	Theriogenology
Journal citation	173, pp. 93-101
Publisher	Elsevier
ISSN	1879-3231
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/S0093-691X(21)00242-9
	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.07.017
Online	26 Jul 2021
Publication process dates
Deposited	13 Sep 2021
Accepted	25 Jul 2021
Accepted author manuscript	File Access Level Restricted
Output status	In press
Additional information	Publications router: Date 2021-07-25 of type 'accepted_date' included in notification. Publications router: Date 2021-07-26 of type 'publication_date' with format 'electronic' included in notification Publications router: Date 2021-03-02 of type 'received' included in notification Publications router: Date 2021-07-24 of type 'revised' included in notification Publications router: Date 2021-07-25 of type 'accepted' included in notification

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