Radiographer reporting of neurological magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the head and cervical spine: findings of an accredited postgraduate programme

Journal article

Piper, K., Pittock, L. and Woznitza, N. 2018. Radiographer reporting of neurological magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the head and cervical spine: findings of an accredited postgraduate programme. Radiography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2018.05.006
AuthorsPiper, K., Pittock, L. and Woznitza, N.
Abstract

Introduction
To analyse the objective structured examination (OSE) results of the first cohorts of radiographers (n = 13) who successfully completed an accredited postgraduate programme in clinical reporting of neurological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the head and cervical spine.

Methods
Forty MRI examinations were used in the OSE which included a range of abnormal cases (prevalence of abnormal examinations approximated 50%) and included: haemorrhage, infarction, demyelination disease, abscess, mass lesions (metastatic deposits, meningioma, glioma, astrocytoma); and disc disease, cord compression, stenosis, ligament rupture, syringomyelia appearances on patients referred from a range of referral sources. Normal variants and incidental findings were also included. True/false positive and negative fractions were used to mark the responses which were also scored for agreement with the previously agreed expected answers based on agreement between three consultant radiologists' reports.

Results
The mean sensitivity, specificity and agreement rates for all head and cervical spine investigations (n = 520) combined were 98.86%, 98.08% and 88.37%, respectively. The highest scoring cases were cases which included astrocytoma, disc protrusion with cord compression and glioma. The most common errors were related to syringomyelia, ligament rupture and vertebral fracture.

Conclusions
These OSE results suggest that in an academic setting, and following an accredited postgraduate education programme, this group of radiographers has the ability to correctly identify normal MRI examinations of the head/cervical spine and are able to provide a report on the abnormal appearances to a high standard. Further work is required to confirm the clinical application of these findings.

Highlights
•Following accredited training, radiographers can report MRI examinations of the head or cervical spine to a high standard.
•The accuracy of the radiographers' reports is similar to rates in other MRI reporting studies of the lumbar spine or knee.
•Radiographers in an academic setting, can report to a similar standard to non-specialised consultant radiologists.

KeywordsRadiographer reporting; advanced practice; magnetic resonance imaging; neurological imaging; observer performance
Year2018
JournalRadiography
PublisherElsevier
ISSN1078-8174
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2018.05.006
Publication dates
Online16 Jun 2018
Publication process dates
Deposited28 Jun 2018
Accepted19 May 2018
Accepted author manuscript
Output statusPublished
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Currie, G., Woznitza, N., Bolderston, A., Westerink, A., Watson, J., Beardmore, C., Di Prospero, L., McCuaig, C. and Nightingale, J. 2016. Bloom’s taxonomy of Twitter: higher order thinking and the Twitter Journal Club. Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.
Chest x-ray interpretation by radiographers: diagnostic accuracy and influence on diagnostic reasoning
Woznitza, N., Piper, K., Burke, S. and Bothamley, G. 2016. Chest x-ray interpretation by radiographers: diagnostic accuracy and influence on diagnostic reasoning.
Diagnostic accuracy of radiographer chest x-ray reporting
Woznitza, N., Piper, K., Burke, S. and Bothamley, G. 2016. Diagnostic accuracy of radiographer chest x-ray reporting.
The diagnostic accuracy of reporting radiographer chest x-ray interpretations and their influence on clinicians’ diagnostic decision-making: a comparison with consultant radiologists
Woznitza, N. 2016. The diagnostic accuracy of reporting radiographer chest x-ray interpretations and their influence on clinicians’ diagnostic decision-making: a comparison with consultant radiologists. PhD Thesis Canterbury Christ Church University School of Allied Health Professions
The radiography workforce: current challenges and changing needs
Beardmore, C., Woznitza, N., Goodman, S. and Society & College of Radiographers 2016. The radiography workforce: current challenges and changing needs. College of Radiographers.
Intraorbital foreign body detection and localisation by radiographers: a preliminary JAFROC observer performance study
Lockwood, P., Pittock, L., Lockwood, C., Jeffery, C. and Piper, K. 2015. Intraorbital foreign body detection and localisation by radiographers: a preliminary JAFROC observer performance study. Radiography. 2015, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.06.005
AFROC analysis of reporting radiographer’s performance in CT head interpretation
Lockwood, P. and Piper, K. 2015. AFROC analysis of reporting radiographer’s performance in CT head interpretation. Radiography. 21 (3), pp. e90-e95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.04.001
CT head reporting by radiographers: Findings of an accredited postgraduate programme
Lockwood, P. and Piper, K. 2013. CT head reporting by radiographers: Findings of an accredited postgraduate programme.
Chest reporting by radiographers: Findings of an accredited postgraduate programme.
Piper, K., Cox, S., Paterson, A., Thomas, A., Thomas, N., Jeyagopal, N. and Woznitza, N. 2014. Chest reporting by radiographers: Findings of an accredited postgraduate programme. Radiography. 20 (2), pp. 94-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2014.01.003
Adult chest radiograph reporting by radiographers: Preliminary data from an in-house audit programme
Woznitza, N., Piper, K., Burke, S., Patel, K., Amin, S., Grayson, K. and Bothamley, G. 2014. Adult chest radiograph reporting by radiographers: Preliminary data from an in-house audit programme. Radiography. 20 (3), pp. 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2014.03.002
Optimizing patient care in radiology through team-working: A case study
Woznitza, N., Piper, K., Rowe, S. and West, C. 2014. Optimizing patient care in radiology through team-working: A case study. Radiography. 20 (3), pp. 258-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2014.02.007
Chest x-ray agreement: comparative analysis between consultant radiologists, reporting radiographers and expert chest radiologists
Woznitza, N., Piper, K., Burke, S., Ellis, S. and Bothamley, G. 2015. Chest x-ray agreement: comparative analysis between consultant radiologists, reporting radiographers and expert chest radiologists.
Conceptualisation of the characteristics of advanced practitioners in the medical radiation profession
Smith, Tony, Harris, J., Woznitza, N., Marese, S. and Sale, C. 2015. Conceptualisation of the characteristics of advanced practitioners in the medical radiation profession. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences. 62 (3), pp. 204-211. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.115
CT head reporting by radiographers: results of an accredited postgraduate programme
Lockwood, P., Piper, K. and Pittock, L. 2015. CT head reporting by radiographers: results of an accredited postgraduate programme. Radiography. 21 (3), pp. e85-e89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2014.12.001
e-Learning for Healthcare – Image Interpretation Project
Woznitza, N., e-Learning for Healthcare and College of Radiographers 2012. e-Learning for Healthcare – Image Interpretation Project. e-Learning for Healthcare.
An unusual cause of respiratory distress
Woznitza, N., Datsopolous, S., Shukla, R. and Aladangady, N. 2012. An unusual cause of respiratory distress. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 97, pp. A12-A13. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-301885.30
Chest X-Ray interpretation: agreement between consultant radiologists and a reporting radiographer in clinical practice in the United Kingdom
Woznitza, N., Piper, K., Burke, S., Patel, K., Amin, S. and Grayson, K. 2013. Chest X-Ray interpretation: agreement between consultant radiologists and a reporting radiographer in clinical practice in the United Kingdom.
Radiographer clinical reporting
Woznitza, N. 2014. Radiographer clinical reporting.
Commentary: radiographer reporting
Woznitza, N. 2014. Commentary: radiographer reporting. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences. 61 (2), pp. 66-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.51
Do you see what I see? Clinical review of discordant chest x-ray consultant radiologist and radiographer interpretations
Woznitza, N., Piper, K., Bothamley, G. and Burke, S. 2014. Do you see what I see? Clinical review of discordant chest x-ray consultant radiologist and radiographer interpretations.
Optimizing patient care in radiology through team-working: audit data
Woznitza, N. 2014. Optimizing patient care in radiology through team-working: audit data.
Optimizing neonatal X-ray quality: results of an audit
Woznitza, N., Hayes, N., Malshava, N. and McGuinness, D. 2014. Optimizing neonatal X-ray quality: results of an audit.
Agreement in neonatal x-ray interpretation: a comparison between consultant paediatric radiologists and a reporting radiographer
Woznitza, N., Piper, K., Aladangady, N., Iliadis, K., Prakash, R. and Santos, R. 2014. Agreement in neonatal x-ray interpretation: a comparison between consultant paediatric radiologists and a reporting radiographer.
Advanced radiographic practice in adult chest imaging
Woznitza, N. 2014. Advanced radiographic practice in adult chest imaging.
The implementation of a radiographic reporting service for trauma examinations of the skeletal system in 4 NHS trusts. NHS Executive South Thames funded research project
Piper, K., Paterson, A. and Ryan, C. 1999. The implementation of a radiographic reporting service for trauma examinations of the skeletal system in 4 NHS trusts. NHS Executive South Thames funded research project. Canterbury Christ Church University.
Interpretation of clinical imagingexaminations by radiographers:a programme of research
Piper, K. 2014. Interpretation of clinical imagingexaminations by radiographers:a programme of research. PhD Thesis Canterbury Christ Church University Faculty of Health and Wellbeing
Observer agreement in the reporting of knee and lumbar spine Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging examinations: selectively trained MR radiographers and consultant radiologists compared with an index radiologist
Brealey, S., Piper, K., King, D., Bland, M., Caddick, J., Gibbon, A., Highland, A., Jenkins, N., Petty, D. and Warren, D. 2013. Observer agreement in the reporting of knee and lumbar spine Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging examinations: selectively trained MR radiographers and consultant radiologists compared with an index radiologist. European Journal of Radiology. 82 (10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.05.024
Skeletal reporting by radiographers: a review of 27800 cases
Piper, K. 2012. Skeletal reporting by radiographers: a review of 27800 cases.
ABCs of preliminary plain film image assessment
Williams, I. and Piper, K. 2012. ABCs of preliminary plain film image assessment.
Variation in accident and emergency musculoskeletal appendicular radiographic reports and the development of a report template
Paterson, A., Piper, K. and Ryan, C. 2001. Variation in accident and emergency musculoskeletal appendicular radiographic reports and the development of a report template. British Journal of Radiology. 74 (Supp.), p. 46.
Accuracy of radiographer reporting of magnetic resonance imaging for suspected acoustic neuroma
Gillmore, K., Piper, K., Byrne, J., Jeffree, M. and Millar, J. 2001. Accuracy of radiographer reporting of magnetic resonance imaging for suspected acoustic neuroma. British Journal of Radiology. 74 (S), p. 4.
The implementation of a radiographic reporting service for trauma examinations of the skeletal system
Piper, K. and Ryan, C. 1998. The implementation of a radiographic reporting service for trauma examinations of the skeletal system.
The development of a postgraduate diploma in Clinical Reporting (Radiography)
Davies, S., Piper, K., McKay, L. and Paterson, A. 1994. The development of a postgraduate diploma in Clinical Reporting (Radiography).
Using MRI for ankylosing spondylitis
Estall, H., Rennie, W. and Piper, K. 2012. Using MRI for ankylosing spondylitis. Imaging & Therapy Practice, Jan.
Clinical reporting in radiography: invited presentation
Piper, K. 1995. Clinical reporting in radiography: invited presentation.
The accuracy of radiographers' reports in accident and emergency examinations of the skeletal system
Piper, K. 1997. The accuracy of radiographers' reports in accident and emergency examinations of the skeletal system.
The accuracy of radiographers' reports in examinations of the skeletal system
Piper, K. 1997. The accuracy of radiographers' reports in examinations of the skeletal system.
Reporting by radiographers: findings of an accredited postgraduate skeletal reporting programme in the UK
Piper, K. 1997. Reporting by radiographers: findings of an accredited postgraduate skeletal reporting programme in the UK.
UK forges ahead with radiographer reporting
Thomas, A., Manning, D. and Piper, K. 2004. UK forges ahead with radiographer reporting. Diagnostic Imaging Europe.
The implementation of a radiographic reporting service for skeletal trauma
Paterson, A. and Piper, K. 1999. The implementation of a radiographic reporting service for skeletal trauma.
The implementation of a radiographic reporting service for skeletal trauma
Paterson, A. and Piper, K. 2000. The implementation of a radiographic reporting service for skeletal trauma.
The implementation of a radiographic reporting service
Piper, K. 2000. The implementation of a radiographic reporting service.
Abnormality detection in the appendicular skeleton: a practical workshop on professional responsibilities and subtle abnormalities
Piper, K. and Paterson, A. 2002. Abnormality detection in the appendicular skeleton: a practical workshop on professional responsibilities and subtle abnormalities.
MRI reporting by radiographers: the construction of an objective structured examination
Piper, K. 2007. MRI reporting by radiographers: the construction of an objective structured examination.
Chest reporting by radiographers
Piper, K. and Cox, S. 2011. Chest reporting by radiographers.
Can reporting radiographers produce clinically relevant reports?
Woznitza, N. and Piper, K. 2011. Can reporting radiographers produce clinically relevant reports?
Clinical reporting by radiographers in the UK
Piper, K. 2009. Clinical reporting by radiographers in the UK.
MRI reporting by radiographers: findings of an accredited postgraduate programme
Piper, K. and Thomas, N. 2008. MRI reporting by radiographers: findings of an accredited postgraduate programme.
MRI reporting by radiographers: findings of an accredited postgraduate programme
Piper, K., Buscall, K. and Thomas, N. 2010. MRI reporting by radiographers: findings of an accredited postgraduate programme. Radiography. 16 (2), pp. 136-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2009.10.017
Reporting by radiographers: Neurological magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the head and cervical spine
Piper, K. 2009. Reporting by radiographers: Neurological magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the head and cervical spine.
Principles of image interpretation and search strategies
Williams, I. and Piper, K. 2010. Principles of image interpretation and search strategies.
Workshop to launch: ''Web-based short course in initial image interpretation of the appendicular skeleton''
Williams, I. and Piper, K. 2010. Workshop to launch: ''Web-based short course in initial image interpretation of the appendicular skeleton''.
Rationale for computed tomography head radiographer reporting
Williams, I. and Piper, K. 2010. Rationale for computed tomography head radiographer reporting.
Pre-testing of initial image interpretation skills
Williams, I. and Piper, K. 2010. Pre-testing of initial image interpretation skills.
Radiographer role development and image interpretation skills
Williams, I. and Piper, K. 2010. Radiographer role development and image interpretation skills.
Reporting for radiographers
Piper, K. and Field-Boden, Q. 1996. Reporting for radiographers. The Radiographer.
Clinical reporting in radiography
Piper, K. 1998. Clinical reporting in radiography.
ST funded research report - Implementation of a radiographic reporting service in four NHS Trusts: Initial findings
Piper, K. 1998. ST funded research report - Implementation of a radiographic reporting service in four NHS Trusts: Initial findings.
Accuracy of radiographers' reports in the interpretation of radiographic examinations of the skeletal system: a review of 6796 cases
Piper, K., Paterson, A. and Godfrey, R. 2005. Accuracy of radiographers' reports in the interpretation of radiographic examinations of the skeletal system: a review of 6796 cases. Radiography. 11 (1), pp. 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2004.05.004
A case study of a Baker's cyst
Piper, K. and Mitchell, M. 2007. A case study of a Baker's cyst. Synergy.
Initial image interpretation of appendicular skeletal radiographs: A comparison between nurses and radiographers
Piper, K. and Paterson, A. 2009. Initial image interpretation of appendicular skeletal radiographs: A comparison between nurses and radiographers. Radiography. 15 (1), pp. 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2007.10.006
Radiographic interpretation of the appendicular skeleton: A comparison between casualty officers, nurse practitioners and radiographers
Coleman, L. and Piper, K. 2009. Radiographic interpretation of the appendicular skeleton: A comparison between casualty officers, nurse practitioners and radiographers. Radiography. 15 (3), pp. 196-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2007.12.001
MRI reporting by radiographers: The construction of an objective structured examination
Piper, K. and Buscall, K. 2008. MRI reporting by radiographers: The construction of an objective structured examination. Radiography. 14 (2), pp. 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2007.02.003
Factors influencing the development and implementation of advanced and consultant radiographer practice – a review of the literature
Kelly, J., Piper, K. and Nightingale, J. 2008. Factors influencing the development and implementation of advanced and consultant radiographer practice – a review of the literature. Radiography. 14 (s1), pp. e71-e78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2008.11.002