Capitalizing on the placebo component of treatments

Journal article

Beedie, C., Foad, A. and Hurst, P. 2015. Capitalizing on the placebo component of treatments. Current Sports Medicine Reports (CSMR). 14 (4), pp. 284-287. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000172
AuthorsBeedie, C., Foad, A. and Hurst, P.
Abstract

A placebo treatment is traditionally administered in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial to control for the ‘real’ effects of the treatment under investigation. In the present paper a broader view of the placebo is proposed, one in which the idea of a potentially ‘useable’ placebo component of a sports or exercise medicine treatment is presented. It is argued that many interventions in sport and exercise psychology might contain a placebo component that could be capitalized upon by practitioners, through processes often as simple as communicating positive expectations of a treatment to clients. Research findings relating to factors that might influence an individual’s response to a placebo, such as personality, situation and genetics, are briefly addressed. Ethical considerations for practice and future research are discussed.

Year2015
JournalCurrent Sports Medicine Reports (CSMR)
Journal citation14 (4), pp. 284-287
PublisherAmerican College of Sports Medicine
ISSN1537-890X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000172
Related URLhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26166052
Publication dates
Print01 Jul 2015
Publication process dates
Deposited12 Oct 2016
Output statusPublished
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Beedie, C., Mann, S., Domone, S. and Wade, M. 2016. Combining supervised exercise and physical activity counselling might increase retention to GP exercise referral programmes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (MSSE). 48 (5S), pp. 79-80. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000485247.50764.f8
Identifying what works for local physical inactivity interventions
Beedie, C., Mann, S., Domone, S. and Copeland, R. 2014. Identifying what works for local physical inactivity interventions. London Public Health England.
Effects of community-based physical activity counselling among at-risk individuals
Beedie, C., Mann, S., Domone, S. and Wade, S. 2016. Effects of community-based physical activity counselling among at-risk individuals. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 48 (5S), p. 81. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000485250.96505.ea
The feasibility, scalability and outcomes of cardiorespiratory fitness testing in primary school children
Beedie, C., Mann, S., Domone, S. and Wade, M. 2016. The feasibility, scalability and outcomes of cardiorespiratory fitness testing in primary school children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 48 (S1), pp. 298-298. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000485898.29037.4d
Programming resistance training required for positive effects on body composition in community programmes
Beedie, C., Mann, S., Jimenez, A., Domone, S. and Wade, M. 2016. Programming resistance training required for positive effects on body composition in community programmes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 48 (5S), pp. 543-543. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000486633.52665.4f
Effects on cardiovascular risk factors of three 48-week community-based exercise interventions
Beedie, C., Mann, S., Domone, S., Jimenez, A. and Wade, M. 2016. Effects on cardiovascular risk factors of three 48-week community-based exercise interventions. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 48 (5S), pp. 593-594. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000486781.43775.7d
Effects on aerobic capacity of three 48-week community-based exercise interventions
Beedie, C., Mann, S., Domone, S., Jimenez, A. and Wade, M. 2016. Effects on aerobic capacity of three 48-week community-based exercise interventions. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 48 (5S), p. 596. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000486788.81892.e9
Changes in insulin sensitivity in response to different modalities of exercise: a review of the evidence
Beedie, C., Mann, S., Jimenez, A., Balducci, S., Zanusso, S., Bertiato, F. and Allgrove, J. 2014. Changes in insulin sensitivity in response to different modalities of exercise: a review of the evidence. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 30 (4), pp. 257-268. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2488
Community fitness center-based physical activity interventions: a brief review
Beedie, C., Mann, S. and Jimenez, A. 2014. Community fitness center-based physical activity interventions: a brief review. Current Sports Medicine Reports (CSMR). 13 (4), pp. 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000070
Brief Online Training Enhances Competitive Performance: Findings of the BBC Lab UK Psychological Skills Intervention Study
Beedie, C., Lane, A., Totterdell, P., Neville, A., Friesen, A., McDonald, I., Stanley, D. and Devonport, T. 2016. Brief Online Training Enhances Competitive Performance: Findings of the BBC Lab UK Psychological Skills Intervention Study. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00413
Differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined exercise modalities on cholesterol and the lipid profile: review, synthesis and recommendations
Beedie, C., Mann, S. and Jimenez, A. 2014. Differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined exercise modalities on cholesterol and the lipid profile: review, synthesis and recommendations. Sports Medicine. 44 (2), pp. 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0110-5
Death by effectiveness: exercise as medicine caught in the efficacy trap
Beedie, C., Mann, S., Whyte, G., Domone, S., Lane, A., Kennedy, L. and Jimenez, A. 2015. Death by effectiveness: exercise as medicine caught in the efficacy trap. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016 (50), pp. 323-324. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094389
A method by which to assess the scalability of field-based fitness tests of cardiorespiratory fitness among schoolchildren
Beedie, C., Domone, S., Sandercock, G., Wade, M. and Mann, S. 2016. A method by which to assess the scalability of field-based fitness tests of cardiorespiratory fitness among schoolchildren. Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0553-6
Comparative effects of three 48-week community-based physical activity and exercise interventions on aerobic capacity, total cholesterol and mean arterial blood pressure
Beedie, C., Jimenez, A., Domone, S. and Mann, S. 2016. Comparative effects of three 48-week community-based physical activity and exercise interventions on aerobic capacity, total cholesterol and mean arterial blood pressure. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2016 (2). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000105
Is Olympic inspiration associated with fitness and physical activity in English schoolchildren? A repeated cross- sectional comparison before and 18 months after London 2012
Beedie, C., Sandercock, G. and Mann, S. 2016. Is Olympic inspiration associated with fitness and physical activity in English schoolchildren? A repeated cross- sectional comparison before and 18 months after London 2012. British Medical Journal Open. 6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011670
Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation over 5 km
Hurst, P., Coleman, D. and Saunders, S. 2015. Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation over 5 km. British Journal of Sports Medicine: International Sports Science + Sports Medicine Conference 2015 Abstracts Newcastle Upon Tyne 8–10th September 2015. 49 (Sup. 2), pp. A6-A6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095576.17
Placebo and nocebo effects during repeat sprint performance
Hurst, P., Beedie, C., Coleman, D. and Foad, A. 2016. Placebo and nocebo effects during repeat sprint performance.
Knowledge and experience of placebo effects modifies athletes’ intentions to use sport supplements
Hurst, P., Beedie, C., Coleman, D. and Foad, A. 2016. Knowledge and experience of placebo effects modifies athletes’ intentions to use sport supplements.
Change4Life Sports Clubs research 2016 - part one report
Foad, A., Fullick, S. and Secker, M. 2016. Change4Life Sports Clubs research 2016 - part one report. The Centre of Sport, Physical Education, and Activity Research (SPEAR), Canterbury Christ Church Universirty The Centre of Sport, Physical Education, and Activity Research (SPEAR).
Illegal drug use damages the ethos of sport and risks the health of athletes
Beedie, C. 2016. Illegal drug use damages the ethos of sport and risks the health of athletes. Canterbury Christ Church University.
Youth Sport Trust lifetime evaluation of the Change4Life Primary School Sports Club Programme: final report: May 2015
Foad, A. 2015. Youth Sport Trust lifetime evaluation of the Change4Life Primary School Sports Club Programme: final report: May 2015. Canterbury Canterbury Christ Church University.
Validity and reliability of critical power field testing
Karsten, B., Jobson, S., Hopker, J., Stevens, L. and Beedie, C. 2015. Validity and reliability of critical power field testing. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 115 (1), pp. 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-3001-z
The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport
Lane, A., Beedie, C., Jones, M., Uphill, M. and Devonport, T. 2012. The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences. 30 (11), pp. 1189-1195. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.693621
Youth Sport Trust evaluation of the Change 4 Life Primary School Sport Club Programme 2012/13: final report: August 2013
Foad, A. 2013. Youth Sport Trust evaluation of the Change 4 Life Primary School Sport Club Programme 2012/13: final report: August 2013. Canterbury Canterbury Christ Church University.
The engagement of further and higher education with the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games II
Weed, M., Dowse, S., Foad, A. and Wellard, I. 2012. The engagement of further and higher education with the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games II. Podium.
The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport: produced on behalf of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences
Lane, A., Beedie, C., Jones, M., Uphill, M. and Devenport, T. 2011. The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport: produced on behalf of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. The Sport and Exercise Scientist. 29, pp. 14-15.
Youth Sport Trust evaluation of the Change 4 Life School Sports Clubs Programme 2011/12: final report: August 2012
Foad, A. 2012. Youth Sport Trust evaluation of the Change 4 Life School Sports Clubs Programme 2011/12: final report: August 2012. Canterbury Canterbury Christ Church University.
Placebo effect of an inert gel on experimentally induced leg muscle pain
Hopker, J., Foad, A., Beedie, C., Coleman, D. and Leach, G. 2010. Placebo effect of an inert gel on experimentally induced leg muscle pain. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. 1, pp. 215-221.
Mood and performance: test of a conceptual model with a focus on depressed mood
Lane, A., Terry, P., Beedie, C., Curry, D. and Clark, N. 2001. Mood and performance: test of a conceptual model with a focus on depressed mood. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2 (3), pp. 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(01)00007-3
Caffeine works: whether you believe it or not: evidence for pharmacological effects of caffeine ingestion on 40km cycling performance
Foad, A., Beedie, C. and Coleman, D. 2006. Caffeine works: whether you believe it or not: evidence for pharmacological effects of caffeine ingestion on 40km cycling performance.
Placebo effects of ergogenic aids in sports performance: experimental, psychometric and interview data
Beedie, C., Foad, A., Coleman, D. and Uphill, M. 2006. Placebo effects of ergogenic aids in sports performance: experimental, psychometric and interview data.
Is caffeine all in the head? Evidence for the placebo effects attributable to caffeine in cycling performance
Beedie, C., Stuart, E., Coleman, D. and Foad, A. 2006. Is caffeine all in the head? Evidence for the placebo effects attributable to caffeine in cycling performance.
Preparing students for the real world
Beedie, C. 2005. Preparing students for the real world. Sport and Exercise Scientist. 6.
Possible implications of nervous system-immune system links in sports rehabilitation
Beedie, C. and Hopker, J. 2005. Possible implications of nervous system-immune system links in sports rehabilitation. SportEX Medicine.
Potential for the use of the placebo effect in sport rehabilitation
Beedie, C. and Hopker, J. 2005. Potential for the use of the placebo effect in sport rehabilitation. SportEX Medicine.
Mood matters: a response to Mellalieu
Lane, A., Beedie, C. and Stevens, M. 2005. Mood matters: a response to Mellalieu. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 17 (4), pp. 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200500313610
Beliefs versus reality, or beliefs as reality? The placebo effect in sport and exercise
Beedie, C. and Foad, A. 2008. Beliefs versus reality, or beliefs as reality? The placebo effect in sport and exercise. in: Lane, A. (ed.) Sport and Exercise Psychology London Hodder Education. pp. 211-225
Identification of placebo responsive participants in 40km laboratory cycling performance
Beedie, C., Foad, A. and Coleman, D. 2008. Identification of placebo responsive participants in 40km laboratory cycling performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 7 (1), pp. 166-175.
Pharmacological and psychological effects of caffeine ingestion in 40-km cycling performance
Foad, A., Beedie, C. and Coleman, D. 2008. Pharmacological and psychological effects of caffeine ingestion in 40-km cycling performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 40 (1), pp. 158-165. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181593e02
Towards empirical distinctions between emotion and mood: a subjective contextual model
Beedie, C. 2007. Towards empirical distinctions between emotion and mood: a subjective contextual model. in: Lane, A. (ed.) Mood and Human Performance: Conceptual, Measurement and Applied Issues New York Nova Science Publishers. pp. 63-87
Positive and negative placebo effects resulting from the deceptive administration of an ergogenic aid
Beedie, C., Coleman, D. and Foad, A. 2007. Positive and negative placebo effects resulting from the deceptive administration of an ergogenic aid. International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 17 (3), pp. 259-269.
Placebo effects of caffeine on cycling performance
Beedie, C., Stuart, E., Coleman, D. and Foad, A. 2006. Placebo effects of caffeine on cycling performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 38 (12), pp. 2159-2164. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000233805.56315.a9
Distinctions between emotion and mood
Beedie, C., Terry, P. and Lane, A. 2005. Distinctions between emotion and mood. Cognition & Emotion. 19 (6), pp. 847-878. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930541000057
Placebo effects in competitive sport: qualitative data
Beedie, C. 2007. Placebo effects in competitive sport: qualitative data. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 6 (1), pp. 21-28.
The placebo effect in sports performance: a brief review
Beedie, C. and Foad, A. 2009. The placebo effect in sports performance: a brief review. Sports Medicine. 39 (4), pp. 313-329. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939040-00004