Hybridity and social media adoption by journalists: an international comparison

This article applies the notion of hybridity to compare social media adoption by journalists in seven countries. Hybridity is operationalised through three constructs: complexity, interdependence and transformative potential. These three constructs frame the international comparison, which is based on empirical data from a survey of journalists (N=2763) carried out in Canada, Finland, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, UK and US. The analysis found broad similarities between the countries, particularly in relation to widespread use of social media in journalistic practices, the importance of general public as a source of information online, high proportion of journalists interacting and responding to comments on social media, and declining importance of PR sources for a section of the respondents. However, there were differences too between the countries, especially regarding popularity of particular types of social media, specific combination of professional tasks social media was used for, and perceptions about the impacts of social media. Overall, the findings illustrate that although country specific characteristics do produce some differences, key features of social media adoption are broadly similar in the surveyed countries and in this sense the process is both about integration and fragmentation.

Acknowledgement
The empirical study used in this article has benefited from contributions from Kristine Pole and Dr Tammy Dempster. The research was supported by Cision AB who provided access to their database.