Police discretion: a British perspective

Book chapter

Tong, S. 2011. Police discretion: a British perspective. in: Palmiotto, M. and Unnithan, N. (ed.) Policing and Society: A Global Approach New York Cengage Learning.
AuthorsTong, S.
EditorsPalmiotto, M. and Unnithan, N.
Year2011
Book titlePolicing and Society: A Global Approach
PublisherCengage Learning
Output statusPublished
Place of publicationNew York
ISBN9780534623432
Publication dates
Print2011
Publication process dates
Deposited20 Apr 2011
Permalink -

https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/item/85700/police-discretion-a-british-perspective

  • 337
    total views
  • 0
    total downloads
  • 4
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Researching detective pathways: opportunities and challenges
Tong, S. and O'Neill, M. 2023. Researching detective pathways: opportunities and challenges. in: Martin, D. and Tong, S. (ed.) Introduction to Policing Research: Taking Lessons From Practice Abingdon Routledge, Taylor and Francis. pp. 65-76
UK–EU law enforcement cooperation post-Brexit: A UK law enforcement practitioner perspective
Shellaker, M., Tong, Stephen and Swallow, Paul 2023. UK–EU law enforcement cooperation post-Brexit: A UK law enforcement practitioner perspective. Criminology and Criminal Justice. https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231162520
More lesson learning, less risk aversion in England and Wales? Prospects for the police (conduct) regulations 2020
Heaton, R. and Tong, Stephen 2022. More lesson learning, less risk aversion in England and Wales? Prospects for the police (conduct) regulations 2020. The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x221107586
Women police leaders in Europe: a tale of prejudice and patronage
Silvestri, M. and Tong, S. 2020. Women police leaders in Europe: a tale of prejudice and patronage. European Journal of Criminology. 19 (5), pp. 871-890. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370820931867
The Schengen evaluation mechanism: exploring the views of experts in the field of police cooperation
Kaasik, J. and Tong, S. 2019. The Schengen evaluation mechanism: exploring the views of experts in the field of police cooperation. European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin. Winter (18), pp. 1-18.
Police learning in the context of change and diversity
Tong, S. and Green. T 2019. Police learning in the context of change and diversity. Policing: A Journal for Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paz069
Lesson-learning not blame: realistic or optimistic?
Heaton, R. and Tong, S. 2019. Lesson-learning not blame: realistic or optimistic? Police Professional.
Professionalizing criminal investigation: an examination of an early attempt to support specialization in criminal investigation
Tong, S. and O'Neill, M. 2019. Professionalizing criminal investigation: an examination of an early attempt to support specialization in criminal investigation. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paz010
Operational risk, omissions and liability in policing
Heaton, R., Bryant, R. and Tong, S. 2018. Operational risk, omissions and liability in policing. The Police Journal.
Police and higher education: prospects and challenges II workshop
Tong, S. 2017. Police and higher education: prospects and challenges II workshop.
Sink or swim: a cast study of detective training
Tong, S. 2017. Sink or swim: a cast study of detective training.
Blackstone's handbook for policing students 2016
Graca, S., Lawton-Barrett, K., O'Neill, M., Tong, S., Underwood, R. and Wood, D. Bryant, R. and Bryant, S. (ed.) 2015. Blackstone's handbook for policing students 2016. Oxford Oxford University Press.
Kent and Medway: delivering a Brexit border: policing, security, freight and customs
Hadfield, A., Tong, S. and Centre for European Studies and the Canterbury Centre for Policing Research, Canterbury Christ Church University 2018. Kent and Medway: delivering a Brexit border: policing, security, freight and customs. Canterbury Canterbury Christ Church University.
Professionalising criminal investigation – an examination of early attempts to professionalise detectives in the United Kingdom
Tong, S. 2017. Professionalising criminal investigation – an examination of early attempts to professionalise detectives in the United Kingdom.
Evidence-based policing, professionalization and challenges to policing in Britain
Tong, S. 2017. Evidence-based policing, professionalization and challenges to policing in Britain.
Art, craft and science of policing
Tong, S. 2017. Art, craft and science of policing.
Conducting research into European policing'
Tong, S. 2017. Conducting research into European policing'.
Learning from mistakes? policing under siege: an examination of high profile criticisms of policing and potential responses
Tong, S. 2016. Learning from mistakes? policing under siege: an examination of high profile criticisms of policing and potential responses.
Professionalising policing: challenges in the role of education
Tong, S. 2016. Professionalising policing: challenges in the role of education.
Police reform workshop: professionalisation through education
Tong, S. 2016. Police reform workshop: professionalisation through education. European Police Research Institutes Collaboration (EPiC) Annual Conference. Cardiff University
Professionalising policing: seeking viable and sustainable approaches to police education and learning
Tong, S. 2017. Professionalising policing: seeking viable and sustainable approaches to police education and learning. European Police Science and Research Bulletin - Special Conference Edition. Summer (2017), pp. 171-178.
Mediating serious crime: an analysis of victim and prisoner mediation
Tong, S., Waters, B., Bryant, R., Williams, E. and Norman, J. 2017. Mediating serious crime: an analysis of victim and prisoner mediation.
Education and the police professionalisation agenda: a perspective from England and Wales
Tong, S. and Hallenberg, K. 2017. Education and the police professionalisation agenda: a perspective from England and Wales. in: Rogers, C. and Frevel, B. (ed.) Higher Police Education: An international perspective Springer.
‘Set in stone?’
Heaton, R. and Tong, S. 2017. ‘Set in stone?’. Police Professional.
The importance of context and cognitive agency in developing police knowledge: going beyond the police science discourse
Wood, D., Cockcroft, T., Tong, S. and Bryant, R. 2017. The importance of context and cognitive agency in developing police knowledge: going beyond the police science discourse. The Police Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X17696101
History of criminal investigation
Tong, S. 2016. History of criminal investigation.
Training the effective detective: a case-study examining the role of training in learning to be a detective
Tong, S. 2005. Training the effective detective: a case-study examining the role of training in learning to be a detective. PhD Thesis University of Cambridge Institute of Criminology
Conclusion: challenges and changes in police research
Tong, S. and Martin, D. 2015. Conclusion: challenges and changes in police research. in: Brunger, M., Tong, S. and Martin, D. (ed.) Introduction to Policing Research: Taking Lessons From Practice London Routledge. pp. 217-223
From the briefing room to the class room: the pedagogical value of researching police elites
Tong, S., Brunger, M., Caless, B. and Gilbert, P. 2015. From the briefing room to the class room: the pedagogical value of researching police elites. in: Brunger, M., Tong, S. and Martin, D. (ed.) Introduction to Policing Research: Taking Lesson From Practice London Routledge. pp. 137-148
Introduction to policing research
Brunger, M., Tong, S. and Martin, D. 2015. Introduction to policing research. in: Brunger, M., Tong, S. and Martin, D. (ed.) Introduction to Policing Research: Taking Lessons From Practice London Routledge. pp. 1-5
Introduction to policing research: taking lessons from practice
Tong, S. Brunger, M., Tong, S. and Martin, D. (ed.) 2015. Introduction to policing research: taking lessons from practice. London Routledge.
Women and police leadership: a European insight
Tong, S. and Silvestri, M. 2015. Women and police leadership: a European insight.
Evidence-based policing: from effectiveness to cost-effectiveness
Tong, S. and Heaton, R. 2016. Evidence-based policing: from effectiveness to cost-effectiveness. Policing: A Journal for Policy and Practice. 10 (1), pp. 60-70. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/police/pav030
Leading policing in Europe: an empirical study of police leadership
Caless, B. and Tong, S. 2015. Leading policing in Europe: an empirical study of police leadership. Bristol Policy Press.
Leadership policing in Europe: an empirical study on police leadership
Caless, B. and Tong, S. 2015. Leadership policing in Europe: an empirical study on police leadership. European Police Science and Research Bulletin. Summer (12), pp. 13-17.
Watching the detectives: researching investigative practice
Hallenberg, K., O'Neill, M. and Tong, S. 2015. Watching the detectives: researching investigative practice. in: Brunger, M., Tong, S. and Martin, D. (ed.) Introduction to Policing Research: Taking Lessons From Practice London Routledge. pp. 101-117
Police education in England and Wales: a changing landscape
Tong, S. 2014. Police education in England and Wales: a changing landscape.
Evolving partnership and collaboration
Tong, S. 2013. Evolving partnership and collaboration.
Mediating serious crime: an analysis of adult prison restorative justice mediation
Bryant, R., Tong, S., Waters, B., Williams, E. and Norman, J. 2014. Mediating serious crime: an analysis of adult prison restorative justice mediation. London Nuffield Foundation.
Police training and education: past, present and future
Bryant, R., Cockcroft, T., Tong, S. and Wood, D. 2013. Police training and education: past, present and future. in: Brown, J. (ed.) The Future of Policing London Routledge.
Graduate police officers: releasing the potential for pre-employment university programmes for aspiring officers
Tong, S. and Wood, D. 2011. Graduate police officers: releasing the potential for pre-employment university programmes for aspiring officers. The Police Journal. 84 (1), pp. 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1350/pojo.2011.84.1.513
Privatisation of agencies in the public sector
Tong, S. 2013. Privatisation of agencies in the public sector.
The more serious the offence, the more powerful the effect? An evaluation of victim-offender mediation in a prison setting. Report for the European Forum for Restorative Justice, The 6th Biennial Forum Proceedings 2010.
Tong, S. and O'Mahoney, J. 2011. The more serious the offence, the more powerful the effect? An evaluation of victim-offender mediation in a prison setting. Report for the European Forum for Restorative Justice, The 6th Biennial Forum Proceedings 2010.
Gender and police leadership: time for a paradigm shift?
Silvestri, M., Tong, S. and Brown, J. 2013. Gender and police leadership: time for a paradigm shift? International Journal of Police Science and Management. 15 (1), pp. 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2013.15.1.303
Investigative decision making: missing people and sexual offences, crossroads to an uncertain future
Alys, L., Massey, K. and Tong, S. 2012. Investigative decision making: missing people and sexual offences, crossroads to an uncertain future.
Submission to the Home Affairs Committee inquiry into leadership and standards in the police. (Written evidence.)
Bryant, R., Tong, S. and Wood, D. 2012. Submission to the Home Affairs Committee inquiry into leadership and standards in the police. (Written evidence.). London Home Office.
Graduate Police Officers: releasing the potential for pre-employment university programmes for aspiring police officers
Tong, S. 2010. Graduate Police Officers: releasing the potential for pre-employment university programmes for aspiring police officers.
Training the effective detective: report of recommendations
Tong, S. 2005. Training the effective detective: report of recommendations.
Watching the detectives
Tong, S. 2000. Watching the detectives.
Investigating effectiveness: competing ideologies and police performance management
Tong, S. 2002. Investigating effectiveness: competing ideologies and police performance management.
'Art, craft & science: contemporary detective practice’
Tong, S. 2010. 'Art, craft & science: contemporary detective practice’.
Police leadership: an historical account of the development of police leaders
Caless, B. and Tong, S. 2011. Police leadership: an historical account of the development of police leaders.
Restorative justice in prisons: a presentation to Kent Probation Service victim seminar
O'Mahoney, J. and Tong, S. 2011. Restorative justice in prisons: a presentation to Kent Probation Service victim seminar.
Skills and abilities in crime investigation: the investigative journalist versus the detective
Poyser, S. and Tong, S. 2011. Skills and abilities in crime investigation: the investigative journalist versus the detective.
Criminal investigation and higher education: a crossroads to an uncertain future
Murphy, R., Tong, S. and Underwood, R. 2011. Criminal investigation and higher education: a crossroads to an uncertain future.
Police research and interviewing police elites
Tong, S. 2011. Police research and interviewing police elites.
The science of criminal investigation
Tong, S. 2011. The science of criminal investigation.
The detective past and present: an examination of an evolving profession
Tong, S. 2011. The detective past and present: an examination of an evolving profession.
Policing research in an age of austerity
Brunger, M. and Tong, S. 2012. Policing research in an age of austerity.
Criminal investigation and higher education: a crossroads to an uncertain future
Massey, K. and Tong, S. 2012. Criminal investigation and higher education: a crossroads to an uncertain future.
ASC 547 higher education and policing. Report submitted to the Higher Education Academy Social Sciences Cluster
Bryant, R., Bryant, S., Tong, S. and Wood, D. 2012. ASC 547 higher education and policing. Report submitted to the Higher Education Academy Social Sciences Cluster. Higher Education Academy.
Discretion and decision making
Tong, S. and Wood, D. 2009. Discretion and decision making. The Police Online Knowledge Area (POLKA).
An appropriate space: chief officers and police accountability
Caless, B. and Tong, S. 2011. An appropriate space: chief officers and police accountability. Police Practice and Research. 14 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2011.645613
Investigative decision making: missing people and sexual offences, crossroads to an uncertain future
Tong, S., Massey, K. and Alys, L. 2013. Investigative decision making: missing people and sexual offences, crossroads to an uncertain future. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling. 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1382
Confessions of a back seat detective: an ethnography of detective training and practice
Tong, S. 2008. Confessions of a back seat detective: an ethnography of detective training and practice.
In need of professionalisation: the case for pre-employment training and education for police officers in the UK
Tong, S. 2008. In need of professionalisation: the case for pre-employment training and education for police officers in the UK.
Developments in initial police training: a university perspective
Tong, S. 2008. Developments in initial police training: a university perspective.
Applying for your first academic job
Tong, S. 2009. Applying for your first academic job.
Conducting research interviews in a policing context
Tong, S. 2009. Conducting research interviews in a policing context.
Interim report: An evaluation of adult prison RJ (Restorative Justice) mediation
Bryant, R., O'Mahoney, J., Waters, B. and Tong, S. 2009. Interim report: An evaluation of adult prison RJ (Restorative Justice) mediation. Canterbury, Kent, UK Canterbury Christ Church University.
Initial police training: challenges and developments in the UK
Phipps, J., Tong, S. and Wood, D. 2007. Initial police training: challenges and developments in the UK.
Adult prisoner victim-offender mediation: the Kent experience
O'Mahoney, J. and Tong, S. 2010. Adult prisoner victim-offender mediation: the Kent experience. Resolution: News from the Restorative Justice Council. 34, p. 8.
Professionalising investigation
Tong, S. 2009. Professionalising investigation. in: Tong, S., Bryant, R. and Horvarth, M. (ed.) Understanding Criminal Investigation Oxford, UK Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 197-216
Assessing performance: quantity or quality?
Tong, S. 2009. Assessing performance: quantity or quality? in: Tong, S., Bryant, R. and Horvarth, M. (ed.) Understanding Criminal Investigation Oxford, UK Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 135-171
Introduction: a brief history of criminal investigation
Tong, S. 2009. Introduction: a brief history of criminal investigation. in: Tong, S., Bryant, R. and Horvarth, M. (ed.) Understanding Criminal Investigation Oxford, UK Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1-12
Art, craft and science of detective work
Tong, S. and Bowling, B. 2006. Art, craft and science of detective work. The Police Journal. 79 (4), pp. 323-330. https://doi.org/10.1350/pojo.2006.79.4.323
Understanding criminal investigation
Tong, S., Bryant, R. and Horvath, M. Tong, S., Bryant, R. and Horvarth, M. (ed.) 2009. Understanding criminal investigation. Oxford, UK Wiley-Blackwell.
Future challenges in criminal investigation
Tong, S., Bryant, R. and Horvath, M. 2009. Future challenges in criminal investigation. in: Tong, S., Bryant, R. and Horvarth, M. (ed.) Understanding Criminal Investigation Oxford, UK Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 217-222
Criminal investigation in context
Tong, S., Bryant, R. and Horvath, M. 2009. Criminal investigation in context. in: Tong, S., Bryant, R. and Horvarth, M. (ed.) Understanding Criminal Investigation Oxford, UK Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 171-196
The future of initial police training: a university perspective
Wood, D. and Tong, S. 2009. The future of initial police training: a university perspective. International Journal of Police Science and Management. 11 (3), pp. 294-305. https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2009.11.3.131
Critical issues in rape investigation: a UK perspective
Tong, S., Horvath, M. and Williams, E. 2011. Critical issues in rape investigation: a UK perspective. The Journal of Criminal Justice Research. 1 (2), pp. 1-18.
Interagency policing
Tong, S. 2008. Interagency policing. in: Newburn, T. and Neyroud, P. (ed.) Dictionary of Policing Abingdon, UK Willan. pp. 148-149